Baby trace elements

Children's health problems has been a matter of utmost concern to parents, as long as the baby it is not, parents will shop around for a reason, various remarks on the outside are often given by the random mark-seated. Now the parents in the Pediatric Advisory most when several answers to the question of trace elements.
How long does it take an investigation of trace elements
Under normal circumstances, babies search for more than 3 months a trace element, if the trace element is normal, it does not matter. However, a long investigation, which according to health care practitioners to determine the diagnosis of the situation. If health care when doctors tell you all aspects of children's normal development, would not have checked. If the doctors tell you that children suffering from weight loss, poor appetite, indigestion, then please check your trace elements regularly.
Baby do not love to eat is not a zinc deficiency
Some babies do not like to eat snack food, baby food and some lack of initiative, chasing adults must feed, which only need to adjust the child's eating habits can be, and the performance is not a lack of trace elements. Usually if the baby by growth retardation, loss of appetite, slow or even loss of taste, bad skin wound healing, easy-infection symptoms may be due to the lack of certain trace elements to bring your baby to the hospital to be checked.
If the baby because of poor appetite caused by zinc deficiency, etc., can be added Zinc treatment of root disease, increased appetite. In addition, analysis from the perspective of Chinese medicine, loss of appetite and poor children of the spleen and stomach function, you can take the drug Jianpi and appetizers. Can increase awareness of some zinc-rich food such as oysters, lean meat, fish, animal offal such as liver, heart, etc., in the wheat germ, sesame, pumpkin seeds, maple syrup, the zinc content of the rich; once children diagnosed zinc deficiency can also be appropriate to add a few doses of zinc, such as zinc gluconate.
Baby love sweating is not a calcium deficiency
Some children no later than the teeth; Some kids hair; Some kids love sweating head, sometimes moving back and forth in the pillow, not necessarily the early performance of calcium, trace elements inspection (serum) is a trace element screen search of ways to respond to a certain extent, whether the calcium your baby.
However, cities and towns of the phenomenon of calcium deficiency little baby can be obtained from the diet. If there are problems because of poor absorption of calcium or calcium loss caused by too fast. Exclusive breastfeeding of children received breast milk depends mainly on calcium, it is proposed that mothers eat 1500 mg per day of calcium, the child can eat per day of vitamin A + D agents, if the weather, you can bring baby to the sun for half an hour outside the sun, paying attention to eye protection. If formula feeding, the need to consider whether the specific circumstances in accordance with the need for additional dose of calcium supplement.
Found that high blood lead you to eat lead drug
Many parents find their children after high blood lead value, buy a variety of lead to children taking drugs, this is not right. Lead drug must be used under the guidance of the doctors found that after excessive lead in lead-based non-drug drive, lead to drug use will be easily lead to more health problems. High blood lead content of children's reactions are usually pale yellow, growth retardation, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, such as lack of concentration. Blind lead the use of drugs, would harm the children. Drug has a greater lead toxicity in the course of treatment will be from calcium, iron, zinc and other trace elements, and even severe hypocalcemia, leading to convulsions and even death; children after taking drugs will lead vomiting, hair loss , and even suffering from aplastic anemia. Therefore, lead poisoning of children in general the use of non-drug treatment, only in the case of occupational poisoning was carried out under the medication.

How to add trace elements
The face of overwhelming nutritional ad, parents are often loss. Various forms of calcium, zinc nutrition on the health of children in the end there is no use? First of all we need to understand that: all of the trace elements, in the human body have a certain amount of content and the ratio. Blind children up to the trace elements may cause adverse consequences. For example, blind children were caused by the body iron content of iron too, will iron, zinc, copper and other trace elements in metabolic imbalance in the body, thereby reducing the body immunity, and could iron ion concentration in serum increased, leading to cardiomyopathy in children by the risk of loss. Therefore, if the child has trace element deficiency or malnutrition, the hospital in time, in a doctor's help in choosing suitable treatment.

Baby feet to walk right to rectify errors

Q: My son will be walking 11 months, and now 1 year 1 month. This day I suddenly found that his right foot when walking in shoes with the inside write, heel shoes will step on the inside of the upper, may I ask why this is, with no need to correct? When children are learning how to walk training can help the development of arch?

Readers
A: 1-year-old center around kids fat feet thick, is still adequate muscle development, so in the beginning, when we are walking, in order to maintain the stability of postural balance are separate legs, toes outward, inward heel, body mainly concentrated in the gravity heel. At this time the child's arch has not formed, so often there will be smaller or move around shaking, and sometimes step on the shoes. These are a normal phenomenon, do not worry. As the children grew older, the foot muscles through exercise gradually mature, the focus will gradually move to the outside of the formation of arch, these phenomena would naturally turn for the better.
If the parents are flatfoot, the children are likely to flatfoot, should take preventive measures, such as children barefoot in the soft sand to walk as little as possible to stand for prolonged periods, such as children. However, if parents are not flatfoot, there is no need to force the children to do training, so as not to cause a psychological burden to the children.

Do not forget to zinc to children in summer

Zinc deficiency of children in summer high season, for three reasons, first, high temperature, sweating and more children, the body with the sweat from Zinc can constantly lost; Second, the hot weather, children, poor appetite, resulting in reduced zinc intake; c summer children's susceptibility to gastrointestinal disease, most common is diarrhea, may also result in the loss of zinc in vivo. According to statistics, during the summer months a small clinic patients, the incidence of low zinc as high as 60%. Therefore, the summer should be noted that zinc supplementation to children.
Human needs is the zinc intake from food. The amount of zinc more seafood, including oysters in the most abundant zinc. Animal food than the zinc content of plant food high, and decomposition of animal protein produced by the amino acids can promote the absorption of zinc, the absorption rate of about 50%; by zinc and plant food, can be combined with the cellulose compounds do not dissolve in water, thus impeding the human absorption, the absorption rate of only about 20%; one animal liver, lean meat, egg yolk are rich in zinc. Plant food in a kelp, laver highest zinc.

Parents should encourage children to eat these foods, and to develop the children do not develop a particular kind of food, not being choosy food, grain size with a reasonable diet. Drugs should be completed under the guidance of a doctor to give zinc sulfate or zinc gluconate syrup and other preparations, the general agent for 2 to 4 months after the normal review should be timely withdrawal. Need to be careful of is that the effective dose of zinc poisoning dose away with the very small, very easily lead to improper use of excessive, and induce a zinc deficiency, copper, anemia and other diseases. I wish building materials

How to do baby got obesity

How to do baby got obesity
Due to excessive intake of food energy and nutrients caused by obesity is called primary (or simple) of obesity. When the child and his Department of subcutaneous fat and the accumulation of excessive body weight is more than calculated by the standard weight for height of 20%, which is obesity.

Obese children are often members of the family history of obesity, according to the survey, parents are obese have 70% of children may grow to obesity, obese children of single parents 40% of obesity may occur. Structural characteristics of the family food, feeding habits, the volume of outdoor activities, a member of personality, the characteristics of food culture, especially the parents of food preferences, are relevant factors.
How to calculate whether the baby fat
In China, as economic development and food species, the number of abundant, year-on-year increase in childhood obesity, and more at older children and adolescents. On the degree of obesity, general WHO standard, the calculation formula is as follows:
Obesity prevention and mitigation of the main points
Control of total energy intake of food to families of food to change the irrational structure, reasonable arrangement of meals for children:
Check out the children's current energy requirements for the actual weight and height of the children seized by the corresponding energy required for body weight, whichever is the difference between the energy of the target for the regulation and control of obesity. Minus the difference between the energy of the first 1 / 3 ~ 1 / 2 (depending on the bearing capacity of the child may be). 7 ~ 10 days each time descending until the child to the current reference standard for weight is the total energy requirements.
Protein according to the existing height of the child standard reference body weight of supply, after the regulation of fat by 30% of the total energy supply. Control after subtracting the total energy provided by protein and fat for energy after carbohydrates for energy, energy into carbohydrates and then the weight of food.
To provide and meet the needs of children in this age range of the recommended nutrient intake and body weight of the current requirements in excess of a reasonable amount of nutrients.
To meet the children's appetite and satiety so that children can use the heat less bulky food, such as celery, leek, carrot, bamboo shoots and so on.
Studies suggest that whey protein in milk, milk fat and calcium, the body in the supplementary calcium intake is low, do not add to obesity. Should stick to recipes are suitable for the daily needs of children milk or dairy products.
The development of recipes to encourage children to eat on time, strictly control the children to eat snacks and casual food, limit the amount of various beverages, daily control in the 250 ~ 350 milliliters.
Regular monitoring of weight in the maternal and child health departments.
To encourage the baby to participate in training, and talk with children, to establish through the exercise of children grow into healthy children's confidence. Obese children to encourage physical activity by a slight gradual strengthening exercises until participate in rhythmic, continuous moderate-intensity physical activity. Campaign to improve the body's response capacity, and enhance the capacity of immunity and stress, improve bone mineral content, bone mineral density and thickening of bone, strong body has a very good role. Therefore, in adhering to the implementation of a balanced diet, based on the children to encourage exercise and sports, not only can improve the effectiveness of a balanced diet to obtain the effect of promoting growth and development and, more importantly, to be effective in the central nervous organization of brain and systemic organs of the system collaboration between the links and functions. Both strong body to promote bone health, improved physical fitness, and from nature to enhance the overall health of children.

What is a healthy baby

Children's health, is defined as 18 years of age from birth to adult during the course of growth and development, physical development and psychological development of the child and follow the objective law of growth and development, children can take part in group activities and acceptable for the group, from ignorance, childlike to care for others, respect the integrity of the individual child, there are ideal for social and national responsibility.

Above on the definition of children's health it seems a bit specialized, not very good or very good hands in mind, in order for everyone to understand and use, you can simplify the concept about the health of children that is: all-round development of children's physical, psychological and social responsibility. Baby correctly understand the true meaning of the healthy growth
Physical and mental development of children from birth to a 18-year-old process of dynamic change. In this course, physical development, psychological development and the gradual formation of a sense of responsibility to society and so on, are interrelated, interdependent. But only when the child develop into a well can be the perfect individual to achieve this goal. In this way, on an essential requirement for all parents and child development services for personnel in the relevant field, or as much as possible to understand that child development has its own laws, that is, internal and long-term evolution of mankind by the internal driving force. It is manifested in: the development of children of different ages inherent time and different times of the day has its specific focus on the connotation. And give full play to the role of these connotations of the environmental conditions necessary for achieving external causes of this development, but also exactly what we want to do the work for children.

Let your baby learn to sleep in their own three-step

U.S. experts suggested the child, let your baby learn to fall asleep himself.

Step One: When the baby started to yawn when he put a small bed and told him "good evening" and left.

Step Two: If the baby started crying, and then five minutes into the appeasement, he calmed down, and then said "good evening" to leave the room.

Step three: If you have been crying, and after 10 minutes go to appease him. Gradually lengthen the interval between each into two, until he fall asleep.

5 ways to secure your baby to sleep

Different mothers who were always asking me the same questions: baby always wake up at night, but also the total noise, how to do? Almost every mother has this problem have been disturbed, and the baby to sleep on the issue of continuous, therefore we do not ... ...
What causes this baby sleep? In fact, this problem can not be generalized, different babies have different situations. Many baby frequent night waking is normal sleep cycle has, in each week during the baby might wake up, which do not have to worry. Of course, some babies sleep well because of having nightmares, bed-wetting, separation anxiety, teething, disease and sleep during the day and so many reasons for this, this will require careful nurturing of parents.
5 methods to promote sleep
Different situations for different treatment to the baby, but in general, let your baby sleep safe and secure, parents can try the following methods:
1. Baby sleep supervise law
Majority of baby sleep well because of bad habits, there is no clock, so it does not the law of sleep, resulting in their wake and sleep the night race is not. Parents should be smaller when the baby, the baby form a clock training, so that the whole night sleeping a sleep habits. If the baby woke up the morning after a normal time, it is best to wake him, which helped him set up the clock every day. Babies need to develop a regular daily routine for the law, and through supplementary daytime nap sleep. At the same time every morning wake up baby, let him nap for more laws.
2. Nap to develop good habits
Your baby's nap and night sleep quality has a great deal. Nap sleep at night affect the same token, long nap, or sleep too late at night is not conducive to sleep smoothly. Therefore, the baby's nap to be fixed from time to time, the general time in bed at noon or early afternoon, for example, from the point at the beginning of sleep for half an hour to an hour. Of course, not a dogma of control, baby do not go to bed on time and not the bias is also possible. To develop good sleep habits, the same state to observe your baby, if he sleep on time, without fatigue or too excited, this is the customary afternoon nap for the baby.
3. Control of light and sound of the bedroom
Light and sound to promote the formation of baby clock, through the bright, dark contrast to the Institute so that your baby during the day and night, the difference between awake and asleep. Get up in the morning when the baby, the baby is very bright light on the local, the best there is sufficient sunlight and give baby a hug, you can play music so that he woke up. Baby to sleep at night 12 hours before, put the light dimmed room, the sleeping in the baby when putting him in the dark. Sleeping baby close the door, do not let the door into the light or transmission noise. Light on the baby's biological clock have a certain impact, night baby care, we must choose to light the dark of night, the best is blue, not yellow, or a flashlight, used to be closed quickly. Thick curtain to prevent penetration into the light outside the window.
4. Procedures to follow to go to bed every day
Arrangements to go to bed a whole process of the law of your baby's sleep habits is also helpful. Through a stylized way the baby goes to bed slowly come to understand after all the sleep, which for him is a ceremony before going to bed. The process includes brushing teeth, washing, bathing, touching, wearing pajamas and so on, one hour before going to bed in the baby can be carried out. In this hour, so that your baby is too excited about the activities of the end, do not see you again an outsider, maintain a quiet, dark. Wash after the baby, gently into his study, storytelling, so that he can also listen to the tape, not only can promote sleep, but also good for your baby's mental development. Process before going to bed is not just wearing pajamas, a face, it is also between parents and babies bond of love.
5. Environment safe and comfortable bed
Babies wake up many nights because the bed with their parents to sleep at night caused by the cold and lonely fear, insecurity and so on can not be separated from the. How to make your baby wakes up at night, or a sense of security, you can sleep on their own, do not parents get up to appease them? In the baby's small bed to create a safe and comfortable, like mother, like the warmth of the embrace of the environment is the best way. In the baby before going to bed, the parents prepared to do the following: In addition to a small baby quilt cover, the difference on both sides of the body with a soft, small pillow, or small blankets, to baby kicked around at night, when awakened to feel the soft objects mistaken his mother's body, so he will sleep safely. Note that items such as a small back cushion not go near your baby's head and face to prevent suffocation. If it is not very delicate newborn, mother or little baby at night to coax better. Have happened the night baby, do not hurry to take care of her mother, so that it will alarm the baby, some baby does not fully wake up.

ADHD children in the 5 major incentive

Many parents of ADHD children are hyperactive child; a lot of children with mothers in the fetal period to reflect good move, a good cry after birth, sleep difficulties, eating well, it is difficult to take care of.

Adverse social environment, the breakdown of families, parents bad character, and so easy to stimulate the spirit of the accident led to concentration of children, hyperactivity. Caused by many reasons for ADHD, the current jury is still out, five can be summarized as follows:
1, mental impairment or delay in maturity.
More childish behavior of such children, clumsy movements, poor coordination. Mother during pregnancy or perinatal complications more time.
2, the genetic quality factors.
Many parents of ADHD children are hyperactive child; a lot of children with mothers in the fetal period to reflect good move, a good cry after birth, sleep difficulties, eating well, it is difficult to take care of.
3, biochemical and metabolic factors.
By the large number of studies confirm that ADHD children in central monoamine receptors (a neural medium, since the role of information transmission of the brain is the spirit of the activities of the chemical substance is closely related to) update slower; study also found that vitamin deficiency, or certain foods additives or pigments due to metabolic disorder and hyperactivity behavior of children.
4, toxic metal elements.
Lead poisoning is a more popular theory, but it is not the case with a hyperactivity of the children, so this factor has yet to be studied further.
5, social, family and psychological factors.
Adverse social environment, the breakdown of families, parents bad character, and so easy to stimulate the spirit of the accident led to concentration of children, hyperactivity.

Inflammation of the tonsils of children should be removed often

German Pediatric Society, 8, suggested that the tonsils of children regularly and inflammation, should be remove.

According to local media reports, is located in Munich, the Institute said that if inflammation of the infant year, over six times tonsil, tonsil inflammation of the school-age children more than five times to be considered for tonsillectomy surgery. Pediatric sub-member Thomas Bender explained that the tonsil a lot of infection above "Siu", which is a hotbed bacteria, these bacteria will be infected with cardiac, kidney and other organs.
However, current medical profession generally agreed that removal of the tonsils there are advantages and disadvantages. From the immunological perspective, as a result of tonsil body can play a role in immune, and should not be arbitrarily removed. In addition, several experts say, children's tonsillectomy after the 6-year-old should be carried out.
German Pediatric Society statistics published in 2003, tonsillitis Germany in children under age 15, one of a very common illness, 140 million children admitted to hospitals for treatment.

After the first-aid treatment of electric shock

First, from the power supply
The first step in first aid from the power supply for the patients, the best way to power electric gates opened immediately, cutting off power supply. However, electrical equipment exposed to some of the patients were given electric shocks, cut off the power supply can be used in drying wood insulation patients away from the equipment, the rescue can be contacted, because the device may have a residual power remained with the the nature of a huge capacitor. If the power switch too far away or can not find a power switch between the rush, then the application of dry wood, bamboo, pole, rubber, and plastic products, such as non-conductive materials of patients with electrical wires or separate, or long-handled wooden knife and ax cut off the live wire. Split live still in a state of electrical appliances, non-contact. Do not save people who push and pull hand directly, contact or contact with metal utensils in order to maintain its own security.

Second, the immediate implementation of the heart, lung recovery
Patients out of power after the cardiopulmonary patients should immediately check the situation. Patients are often unconscious, stop breathing or irregular cardiac arrest or weakened. Had ceased to breathe, the rescue should be the implementation of continuous artificial respiration immediately. Although there is no breathing, such as patients, but heart is still the law, then most of the good prognosis. The patient began to have some restoration of the phenomenon, the artificial respiration to continue to extend necessary to return to normal until the automatic breathing. The death of the patient appears to have looked, most of them due to respiratory paralysis, artificial respiration sustained, there will be some people can be saved. Some people advocate artificial respiration should be continued for at least 4h or even 6 ~ 8h. Artificial respiration preferably mouth-to-mouth method, each 14 to 16 minutes. If conditions, such as emergency room service, you can rush tracheal intubation, in order to maintain the breathing air or breathing apparatus.
Patients with cardiac arrest has occurred but there is still breathing, the chest should be immediately squeeze the heart, about 80 times per minute. If the carotid artery or femoral artery pulsatility minor hit again, lips lip color from pale to red, indicating that effective. Such as cardiac chest squeeze does not work, should immediately direct thoracic cardiac massage. Injury it is difficult to determine whether or not the site of ventricular fibrillation, and sometimes can not hear heart sounds and no palpable pulse of touch, but may still be weak heart beating. However, if the heart sounds heard in the carotid artery can still see the faint pulse, you may have ventricular fibrillation. This case is necessary external chest compression. In the emergency room, the application to lift the ventricular defibrillation fibrillation. It should be noted that the expansion of the patient's pupil, fixed to the brain is not a reliable indicator of the state, usually it does not mean that brain death. Patients, such as heartbeat and breathing are stopped artificial respiration and cardiac massage should be both at the same time, the ratio of 1:4 ~ 1:5.
If the scene conditions and carrying out artificial respiration and cardiac massage can be applied Lobeline, caffeine, such as central stimulants Coramine. Such as cardiac arrest, cardiac massage in the intravenous injection of adrenaline at the same time. When the ECG confirmed ventricular fibrillation, epinephrine and other drugs can be applied to non-synchronous DC defibrillator later. Such as cardiac arrest is only weak, ventricular fibrillation was found when忌用epinephrine and isoproterenol, which can function to increase cardiac stress, more cause ventricular fibrillation.
Third, check
At the same time during the recovery can be a simple attempt to understand the history, such as the supply current, voltage, current import, contact time, whether there have been electric arc or spark, to the situation, there are not falling at the scene and taken to the emergency services. Check whether the whole body, including rare visceral abdominal injury, with or without fractures, especially the humerus, clavicle and the vertebrae, the site of suspected fractures and chest X-ray examination should be held. Injured patients may have short-term coma, other neurological symptoms can be dizziness, nervousness, and tetany, such as spinal cord injury, and tetany tetany when dealing with anti-line. ECG should be held in check, especially for current patients of imports in the left arm. Such as ECG changes, should be held in continuous ECG monitoring. Determination of arterial blood gas, LDH, CPK, and serum amylase. To stay or catheterization to check for urine myoglobin, hemoglobin.
IV infusion therapy
High-voltage electrical injury, the deep tissue injury of the great effusion, and body surface area burn is not an arrangement in accordance with the infusion. During the infusion treatment, based on the patient's response to the infusion therapy, including the hourly urine output, peripheral circulation and monitoring of central venous pressure. Due to the large number of muscle injury, myoglobin release of a large number of patients after injury of the urine color was wine or soy sauce color, in order to promptly free myoglobin and hemoglobin body in order to reduce the stimulation of renal injury, the prevention of acute renal failure began to enter a larger volume of liquid to ensure that patients in more than 50ml per hour, mannitol should be used. Tyler argued that the beginning of a dose of 25g, after 12.5g / h, with 5 ~ 6h in order to enable urine to reach 200 ~ 300ml / h. 6h usually application usage per 25g (25% 125ml). In addition, 5% sodium bicarbonate should be used to prevent alkalization of urine myoglobin and hemoglobin from the tubular when the deposition, as well as to correct acidosis. In shock patients, especially those who have cardiac arrest or patients with abnormal ECG, input should be properly controlled to prevent over-infusion, increasing the burden on the heart.
V. eschar and deep fasciotomy
High-voltage electrical injury, as a result of deep tissue injury, a large number of fluid exudation, edema significantly under the fascia, the pressure increase. Increased pressure on the organizations will be obstacles to the cycle and result in more secondary muscle necrosis. Therefore, should be implemented as soon as possible and deep eschar fasciotomy to reduce the gap muscle pressure, improve circulation, or may be under pressure to save some but not necrosis of the muscle. But note that the naked eye can see the extent of limb edema is not a muscle that the pressure gap. Also affect the external inspection of the swelling of the distal limb vascular pulsatility. The serious injury of a limb ① showed mild or moderate edema; ② touch of tension, the hardware; ③ passive finger extension or foot pain; ④ fixed contraction; ⑤ ⑥ palpable pulse less than a remote touch cyanosis; ⑦ again very poor capillary filling.
In the wrist, pressure neuropathy may also occur. Surgery should be to achieve the full depth of that cut deep fascia, so that may be bulging muscles, or achieving its purpose. Cut open the wound can be covered by iodoform gauze and suture, coated with silver sulfadiazine paste and so prevent infection. Such as patients and medical conditions permitting, early surgical exploration, fasciotomy, nerve compression and decompression and debridement can be deal with at the same time.
Sixth, the prevention of infection
As a result of deep tissue damage, necrosis, wound treatment to be open. Anaerobic myositis is a relatively common complication, should be the early application of high-dose penicillin to prevent anaerobic infection until complete removal of necrotic tissue. Application should be routine tetanus antitoxin and tetanus toxoid to prevent tetanus.
7, the wound characteristics of electrical injury and the early treatment
Import current high-voltage electrical injury is a circular depression, coking injury, wax ring with a yellow or off-white leather-like tenacity of the skin, outside the narrow, red, and the edge of the Central Uplift. Likely to import more than one. Larger variation of the size of imports, but that does not reflect the scope of the following organizations and circumstances of injury. The exit of the skin also showed the ring, but smaller, dry. May also be more than one. If unable to shake off their hands the power to reach out a long time, then in charge of the Department of handwritten and there carbonization, dry. Electric shock due to flexor contraction of limb joints in flexion and thus, in the elbow, axilla, popliteal fossa and the groin, the mutual contact of the skin near the joints may have intermittent current through the wound. Wound electric shocks as the most prominent characteristic of small skin wounds, and skin (normal skin) depth of injury is very extensive. Muscle injury are often associated with normal muscle interface clear, dark, irregular浅层次, normal muscle may be shallow, and deep muscle ischemia, necrosis. And their development can be gradual in nature. Disease into multiple embolization, necrosis. In addition, the electrical injury to the chest wall deep muscle and rib and intercostal muscle induced pneumothorax; abdominal visceral injury may be caused by necrosis or perforation of hollow organs, necrosis, such as cystic necrosis, intestinal perforation, liver damage, pancreatitis and so on; head electrical injury often caused by scalp necrosis, the skull exposed, and even full-thickness necrosis of the skull.
Electric shock treatment of facial trauma into positive removal of the first principles of necrotic tissue. A large number of non-dynamic organization, mainly muscle, such as reservations for a longer period, they will be induced liquefaction, necrosis, decay, leading to infection and wound sepsis, and to continue to release the source of myoglobin. Electrical injury patients in stable condition in the cycle of 24 ~ 48h after laparotomy experts. Body should include the deep exploration of bone in the surrounding tissue. Early to judge whether or not muscle power often more difficult life. In some cases, irreversible damage looks healthy, the muscles that may survive is bleak. Only with normal appearance of active bleeding after cutting, in the electrical and mechanical stimulation of muscle contraction can be generated that dynamic. Exploration from the injury near the end of the beginning of the trunk, to the remote in order to shorten the operation time and reduce bleeding. To identify the impact of vascular injury in the scope of the supply of blood circulation, can be pre-operative angiography or surgery to confirm the Bank of China. Only removed when the initial exploration necrosis sure the organization, only the muscles in a wide range of removal only after amputation. Exploration of open debridement of the wound without suture. Tendons, nerves and blood vessels should be retained as far as possible and biological dressings, such as pig skin and allograft skin coverage. After the initial exploration of 24 ~ 48h to re-open the dressing can be removed again without life force of the organization and decided to continue under the circumstances debridement or amputation. Electrical injury as a wound on the other hand, dealt with possible conditions, many health organizations to retain and make use of the same species, and xenogeneic skin graft, free or pedicled flap wound repair and restore function.
In the deal with body parts other than the wound electrical injury should be careful. Early wound debridement should be to avoid injury of chest wall rib periosteum, intercostal muscle necrosis has been removed and the rib head to avoid an open pneumothorax. Dorsal abdominal or trunk electrical injury should be closely observed whether or not visceral injury. All this, should be dealt with under coordination specialist.

How to get an electric shock after the first aid?

Electrical injury, commonly known as electric shock, is due to current through the human body caused by injury. Mostly due to power supply caused by direct contact with the human body, there were more than a few kilovolt high-voltage or lightning hit. Access to more than 1,000-volt high-voltage multi-breathing to stop, 200-volt low-voltage power following easily cause cardiac defibrillators and cardiac arrest, 220 ~ 1000 V to the voltage at the same time the heart and central respiratory paralysis.

Symptoms
Strong current through the body, in the blink of an eye, people will immediately be dead or in shock and collapsed, the body will burn local circumstances.
Partial performance of different degrees of burns, bleeding, black and so on. Burn area boundaries with the surrounding normal tissue clearly, there are more than two wound, an entrance, one or more exports. Weight and subcutaneous tissue from deep wounds, tendons, muscles, nerves, and even as deep as bone, was carbonized state. Or general dysfunction, such as shock, respiratory cardiac arrest.
Cause of death is due to currents caused by the brain (medulla oblongata of the respiratory center) a high degree of inhibition, inhibition of myocardial and ventricular fibrillation. After the injury and electric shock voltage, current, and the situation of the conductors of the contact surface. High voltage, current, and resistance of small, surface moist and easy to death: If the current from the side of limb or body to pay to import, or body-drying, resistance, and may cause burns and may not be dead.
First aid methods
1, immediately cut off the power supply, or non-conductive objects, such as dry wooden sticks, bamboo sticks or dry cloth and other objects so that the wounded from the power supply as soon as possible. First direct contact with an electric shock not to the wounded, to prevent electric shock and the impact of their conduct of the rescue work.
2, when the wounded from the power supply should immediately check the situation of the wounded body, especially the breathing and heartbeat and found that breathing, heart beat stopped immediately to save the spot.
(1) mild: that is, conscious, breathing heart rate were independent, and the wounded lying in situ, close observation, not to stand or walk, to prevent shock or heart failure secondary.
(2) respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest exists, the local solution of loose lying衣扣, open airway, mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration immediately and conditions of tracheal intubation, artificial respiration of oxygen pressure. Acupuncture can also be people, 10 Sun, Yongquan temple, etc., or respiratory stimulants (such as mountain vegetables stem base, caffeine, Coramine).
(3) cardiac arrest, breathing beings, should be immediately closed chest cardiac massage.
(4) heart were to stop breathing, and artificial respiration at the same time should be implemented in external cardiac massage, breathing and circulation in order to establish and restore the body's oxygen supply of organs. The best scene of the incident were two purposes to mouth resuscitation and external cardiac massage to the ratio of 1:5, that is, 1st artificial respiration, cardiac massage 5 times. The scene of the incident as only 1 person, with the ratio of 15:2 for external cardiac massage and artificial respiration, that is, the first external cardiac massage for 15 times, and then artificial respiration mouth 2, and so on must adhere to the rescue in the end .
(5) to deal with electrical injury, attention should be given any other injury. Such as electric shock from power after the bombs fall or high altitude, often complicated by craniocerebral injury, hemopneumothorax, visceral rupture, limb and pelvic fractures. If trauma, burns should be addressed simultaneously.
(6) in the scene of the incident, do not move the casualty, if needed to move, to save time should not be interrupted more than 30 seconds. Mobile injured or to hospital, with the exception of the wounded should be flat on the stretcher and the back pad to ping wide plank hard things, should continue to rescue, to stop breathing heartbeat should continue artificial respiration and external cardiac massage, in the hospital medical staff did not succeed before the treatment could not be suspended.

Electrical injury first aid kids

① immediately cut off the power. One way to cut off the power switch power off, pulling plugs; The second is to use dry wooden, bamboo, pole, plastic rods, belts, brooms to, such as back or rope is not conductive wires poke things.
② children quickly moved to well-ventilated place. Of breathing, heart rate had been stopped, and immediately at the scene to carry out artificial respiration and external cardiac massage. Artificial respiration for at least four hours to do, or to the resumption of breathing in children, the conditions should tracheal intubation, artificial respiration of oxygen pressure.
③ unconscious mind appears unclear who will be able to acupuncture, acupuncture points, such as in the red.
④ breathing, heart rate immediately after the resumption rushed to hospital on the road would also like to pay close attention to changes in children with the disease clearance.
⑤ symptomatic treatment. Hypoxia-induced brain edema may use mannitol, 50% glucose, such as dehydration; on strong as a result of muscle contraction caused by fracture and dislocation, it is necessary to reset fixed; of burns or to exposure therapy for good.

How to let children stay away from accident injuries

Of the investigation show that accidental injury is 0 ~ 14-year-old children in the first cause of death, and nearly half occurred at home. Summer has been temporary, parents should be more alert to security risks to a minimum.

Fall occurred in the blink of an eye
Dangerous scenario: a small baby bed or trying to climb across to get what she wants, or the children prefer to watch the scenery from the bay windows and balconies, games. If there is no certain protective measures, it is possible to come away empty-handed from falling.
Occurrence of data: survey shows that the incidence of child unintentional injury is the highest fall. Just stand up from the baby to be teenage students, out of every 3 people at risk of such death 1; followed by the bump, squeeze or sprain injuries.
Tip: to just be crawling baby playing on the big bed, the bed should have guard rails on both sides, and if not, can be used like quilt or pillow block; bed to stay away from windows or window screens are not sufficient to prevent the baby out the window, so windows should be fitted with guard-rails; balcony railing of the interval can not be too much to avoid falling baby; furniture and windows in the corner all the best to install protective angle; Do not let children under 5 years of age to enter the kitchen, washbasin in the toilet , near a bathtub, covered with rubber mat to prevent sliding wrestle children.
Inadvertently bitten by pet
Dangerous scenarios: puppy kitten tame animal is also a time when die hard, especially in the pet rut. Wild pets that are often unexpected in time to vent out of harm to the baby; In addition, the small animals are possessive of its toys, the territory can not be touched in some cases, the jealousy will make in their efforts to defend their status .
Tip: In the absence of the accompanying adult, not to let the children to pet feeding; the prohibition of pets and children go to bed; issued if pets hiss, boo, woof, growl sound or the performance of other signs of anger, it is necessary to immediately children and Pets isolation. At the same time teach their children the self-protection methods, such as not to hitch around the dogs, do not touch an unfamiliar dog; Do not let pets lick their fingers and face and so on.
High temperatures often result in serious accidents
Dangerous scenario: the children are not careful touch thermos bottle, water bottles, blanching, or bath water temperature is too high, such as caused by burns. In addition, when heating food in microwave oven in a longer period of time after the show, the children often can not wait to open the packaging, it can easily be steam burns.
Occurrence of data: survey shows that in the family suffered burns and burns, there are more than 50% of children, especially children under the age of 3.
Tip: babies who are able to seek to moderate the feelings of the "hot" and dangerous, such as the seizing of his little hand, feel a bit hot and the glass wall of steam rose up; to the baby in the bath when the water temperature first and then hold a good tune into your baby . Avoid hot water first and add cold water, because the baby impatient, may not gain an advantage against the cold water on, result in serious accidents; thermos flask, hot soup, such as to minimize the impact on the children could not place.
Casino security trap
Dangerous scenarios: Some small-scale recreational facilities standards of quality children's entertainment in these devices, there may be accidents. Even if the children play "Le dump" "trampoline" and other recreational facilities, if the posture is incorrect, could cause injury, bruises or fractures, but also some higher tall slides and other entertainment devices to have their children fall risk. Three meters away from the place where once the fall, like falling from the same two-story windows.
Tip: go to the playground by the children to play, we must consider the safety factor, parents should first check the whole environment if it is found damaged equipment, must not allow children to take risks. In addition, the more big sports or entertainment devices to see if the ground around 30 cm by the thick rubber mat, tires or debris from sand bedding, or using grass, soil and asphalt cover. There is no doubt that the former can play a good damping material of the protective effect. Trampoline play in more of the children, the greater the possibility of injury; parents of preschool children should not be allowed to play more than 180 centimeters of sports equipment, but also can not allow children to play are not suitable for his age, height, physical Recreation projects.Other security risks
Drowning: quietly drowning in the child's life in the killing. For example a baby, even if it is 2.5 cm deep water so that they may suffocate.
Climbing: a children's playground climbing frame in the not suitable for children under 5 years of age, even if there is parental protection, but also can not eliminate the risk of accidental injuries. Zijun

Baby go barefoot a smart and healthy summer

Summer comes, the grass green sky blue, and the whole world turned into a children's park, spreading along the Huan, ah downtown. These off the reins of the "pony" got rid of all the constraints, run barefoot in the land. Children to play the United States, and her mother is a worry: more than 2 feet of small mud unsanitary, if stepped on a nail glass ah ah how can I do? The floor will be cooler then sick ... ... in fact, in clean, safe environment, often to allow your baby to walk barefoot, with a lot of benefits.

In Japan, "Barefoot" has become a formal curriculum, the state school board. Such as the well-known nursery Aichi University at a cost of more than 700 million yen, will be to break open the floor to remove the concrete floor, put sand in order to let the kids in the sand to play as much as possible.
Why give your baby to fight in Japan, opens the door to them barefoot?
Because, after study found that training barefoot on the baby's physical and intellectual development of much useful:
Zhuang ★ barefoot baby body
When the baby's feet bare in the sun and air, foot sweat secretion and evaporation is more efficient to increase peripheral circulation baby body, feet and body so as to promote blood circulation and metabolism. At the same time, also can enhance the regulation of autonomic and endocrine function, to improve disease resistance and cold baby's ability to reduce the cold, the occurrence of diarrhea. In addition, barefoot can control a number of diseases, as walking barefoot, as on the toes and the soles of the feet and other parts of the heart massage points, you can Jianpi Yishen, soothe the nerves calm, enuresis in children, dyspepsia, constipation and other children have a certain degree of efficacy.
★ barefoot baby brain more Cong
Walking barefoot can continue to stimulate the baby's feet, feeling the baby at the same time sensitivity and the ability of the brain thought to determine which will improve. Baby's memory and physical coordination was the development of the ability to adapt to the external environment has increased greatly.
Open appetite barefoot baby ★
When the baby-ray of bound feet, free to walk the child's nature to be a better release, at the same time as a result of walking barefoot foot and body to promote blood circulation and metabolism, mood and temper of mind and the body will naturally increase your appetite, my mother They can be delighted to see the baby grow up.
★ baby barefoot anti flatfoot
Studies have shown: a long time to walk barefoot, can effectively reduce the incidence of early childhood flatfoot. The study also found that walking barefoot can exercise your baby's ankle, and enhance the flexibility of the ankle to avoid falling.
Therefore, the mother may often allow your baby to play barefoot, put the health of entertainment. However, despite the benefits of barefoot a lot, but some parents said at the outset of the worry is not completely unfounded, as the role played barefoot request is conditional and must be "due to appropriate actions Bao", under the premise of security, according to baby Select the age of the venues and methods for:
1-year-old baby's -1 barefoot half-year-old training program
Venue: bed
Barefoot game:
Toes grasping objects: Training baby with toes grasp things, beginning with large plastic toys, such as movement of skilled baby may slowly reduce the volume of goods.
1-year-old half-year-old baby's -2 barefoot training program
Venue: the ground was covered with smooth pebbles
Barefoot game:
Picking petals: The color of paper crumpled into a flower or a little thick colored paper cut into a variety of flowers, sprinkle in the adults, let your baby go barefoot to pick up and put in the basket, to repeat a few times.
-3 Year-old 2-year-old baby's barefoot training program
Venue: Indoor floor
Barefoot game:
Seized Circle: The set of colored plastic ring on the stick, rotating ring releases will stick to, so that barefoot baby rolling on the ground to catch up with the Circle, to retrieve the re-set in the stick repeatedly do.
-5 Year-old 4-year-old baby when the barefoot training program
Venue: clean grass, sand
Barefoot game:
Roller canned: Canned empty box in the bell or the stone into small, sealed, and the Department on the long cord, so baby rolling on the floor barefoot holding.
Love Tip: summer due to the strong ultraviolet radiation, surface temperatures are high, walking barefoot in the outdoors to prevent foot injuries, it is best to walk barefoot in the training room. Choice of straight and flat, clean surface to avoid the baby's feet were stabbed by sharp benefit.

Baby will become the full meaning of control

Control the integrity of the urine will be the meaning of
That the baby will be able to control urine, and is not a vague concept, which includes baby can do the following acts:

- Your baby will have a urine can tell their parents;
- Voiding it can take off their trousers;
- Can be accurately prepared to sit for the baby on the potty;
- After the urine will be able to independently put on the pants and put on their pants;
- Will be able to toilet urination;
- Can sit on the toilet on the toilet;
- To water wash the urine from it;
- Stool after the bottom to clean their own;
- Able to control nocturnal;
- Upon completion of urine will be able to take the initiative to clean hand.
Mom to little baby will be the issue of control of urine, so that decomposition in detail, and always baby generally will be able to control the urine. When her mother heard that "your baby will be able to control the urine", they are anxious, "Why is my baby also will be beyond the control of urine"! It is obvious that a different mother in accordance with different criteria to determine whether their baby will be control of the urine. Different standards to judge the different nature.

Hot days to prevent hand, foot and ringworm children

Medical and physical assessment
Medical evaluation
Parents on the evaluation of physical development of children is primarily based on height and weight measurements. From a medical point of view, the medical evaluation is actually a system, the evaluation should be taken into consideration age, gender, region, time and other factors. Medical evaluation also includes a lot of content, height, weight, sitting height, head circumference, chest circumference, upper arm circumference, thigh circumference, calf circumference, such as subcutaneous fat. In accordance with the purpose of inspection, but also may be shoulder width, pelvic width, bones and so on. There are also some functional indicators, such as muscle tone, lung capacity, blood pressure, pulse, and laboratory examinations.
Parents concerned about the baby's physical development focused on height, weight and other indicators of children will need to evaluate health-care professionals. Under normal circumstances, a doctor based on height, weight, head circumference, fontanelle four indicators to determine the baby growth and development of the initial situation. The four indicators for simple, easy to observe, although not fully reflect the baby's growth and development, but enough to help us understand the general situation of baby development. If the four indicators are not normal, you will need further examination and professional evaluation.
A full-deciduous
To the old, babies can grow 16 to 18 deciduous teeth, but some babies may be only about 10 deciduous teeth longer. Deciduous growth there is great individual differences, and her mother do not have to worry. Under normal circumstances, 2-year-old semi-deciduous about a homogeneous, but some babies can be up to 3-year-old deciduous Changquan 20. And the last one off the deciduous teeth, it is necessary to wait until the 12-year-old to complete.
Mothers should pay attention to the protection of your baby's primary teeth, deciduous teeth is the basis of permanent teeth, deciduous tooth decay period, not only will baby cause considerable pain, will affect the growth of permanent teeth. Not because the deciduous and permanent teeth to be replaced sooner or later, we neglect the protection of the deciduous teeth. Deciduous teeth of great significance to the health of your baby, no teeth, will not only cause obstacles to chew, but will also affect the normal pronunciation.
-Month-old baby in this paragraph have a strong wish to emulate, this is the best training time brushing baby, parents should set an example, gargle with water after a meal in the morning and evening to brush their teeth, but also regular oral health checks for dental and health care.
Growth and development of teeth
Dental growth and development through four stages: the occurrence, development, calcification, eruption. Growth and development of teeth, is a long-term, continuity, and at the same time and stage.
- Your baby's primary teeth embryo, as early as the embryo begins to form on the seven weeks to 10 weeks of embryos, all the deciduous teeth have been formed embryo;
- 2-year-old completed a half years the growth of deciduous teeth;
- Deciduous teeth from the 6-year-old began to fall off, until the 12-year-old, all the deciduous teeth all fell off, replaced by permanent teeth;
- Constant tooth germ as early as the baby 3 ~ 4 months began to take shape when, and until 3 or 4-year-old child to complete;
- Permanent teeth began to grow from 6-year-old, 12-year-old basic replace all the deciduous teeth.
Dentition space
Babies grow a lot of deciduous teeth, and can be between the teeth and tooth fracture, not a close one, each have a gap between teeth. Such being the case, you need to do orthodontics? Do not need. Deciduous period, the gap between the teeth is normal and does not require treatment. Permanent period of time, children with irregular teeth, occlusal joint dislocation, with teeth, so teeth should be corrected as soon as possible. Out space-based incidence of deciduous teeth is as high as 70% ~ 90%, without gaps or closed-type small proportion of deciduous teeth out. Gap under the deciduous teeth out different positions, a long clearance into soul, space and mixed development of three types of space.
● Ling long gap, in the primates can be seen in the majority, named;
● the development gap between the teeth and teeth with the gap arising from the development;
● mixed space, spiritual space and development of a long gap, and that the highest incidence.
Deciduous space do not need medical intervention. Deciduous space out why such a high incidence, it has its own reason, that is to say, this may have physiological significance, although research in this area is still relatively weak, but it is certain that the incidence of so much, we have a positive significance. Some scholars believe that space-based seamless than deciduous deciduous type is more conducive to the normal order of permanent teeth, occlusal function in favor of permanent normal form.
Easily run freely
Be able to freely run free, run off, and learned to run. Baby will be the objects with different heights to climb upward, to get things he wanted. So my mother can no longer be like before, in accordance with the baby on the ground to the height of the can, or step into a small bench height, placed so that the goods reach the baby. Baby started to bounce like a game, can be painted on the ground at different distances of the line, so baby jump lattice, and the baby turtles and rabbits do a race game, the ability to exercise crowhop baby.
Jumping from a height
Babies have the courage and ability of the objects from the high jumping. Therefore, as long as they are able to go where your baby, your baby may have the courage to jump. This is caused by baby fell from a height of one of the risk factors, parents should give full consideration to this point. Climb when the baby, the baby can not be asked to objects from the high jump, the will of the fall. If your baby to practice jump from a height, it is best to place a cushion on the floor.
Can not jump
Under normal circumstances, such a big baby still can not jump. Very strong athletic ability of the baby may jump about 10 centimeters high. If the baby does not have this ability without training, because the higher ground from the low jump, it is easy to be higher than the height or tripping over objects, the incisors磕掉But sad thing.
Place long jump, foot play
If the baby last month, will be able to place a take-off, this month may be a new and long enough, the place has not just take off, but also a place long jump. If you will be able to place long jump last month, and will jump further this month. Movement ability of the baby may jump forward in the running. Baby stood, raised his foot has passed the ball out, for such a big baby is not easy. Physical development of good fruit fruit, 1-year-old half-foot will be able to play on the beach, it's kinda like posture Platini free kick penalty.
Free up and down the stairs
Baby has been able to free up and down stairs, but relatively steep up and down the stairs, the best baby or holding hands. Baby leg length may also be less than one step at a higher level, balance is still in development and improvement. The steep staircase, or ladder span relatively large, baby the next floor down the stairs when possible. Some babies may be a step sideways to a new level underground, should not conclude that the capacity of baby backward movement. Some babies will be until the 2-year-old semi-free down the stairs.
Bending objects seized
Last month, your baby may be bending things seized, but things will pick squat baby feel more secure, so baby take a more squat approach, pick up small things underground. Now baby do not worry about it because the baby has been able to easily down to pick something, and not fall forward.

22 months your baby's medical and physical assessment

Medical and physical assessment
Medical evaluation
Parents on the evaluation of physical development of children is primarily based on height and weight measurements. From a medical point of view, the medical evaluation is actually a system, the evaluation should be taken into consideration age, gender, region, time and other factors. Medical evaluation also includes a lot of content, height, weight, sitting height, head

circumference, chest circumference, upper arm circumference, thigh circumference, calf circumference, such as subcutaneous fat. In accordance with the purpose of inspection, but also may be shoulder width, pelvic width, bones and so on. There are also some functional indicators, such as muscle tone, lung capacity, blood pressure, pulse, and laboratory examinations.
Parents concerned about the baby's physical development focused on height, weight and other indicators of children will need to evaluate health-care professionals. Under normal circumstances, a doctor based on height, weight, head circumference, fontanelle four indicators to determine the baby growth and development of the initial situation. The four indicators for simple, easy to observe, although not fully reflect the baby's growth and development, but enough to help us understand the general situation of baby development. If the four indicators are not normal, you will need further examination and professional evaluation.
A full-deciduous
To the old, babies can grow 16 to 18 deciduous teeth, but some babies may be only about 10 deciduous teeth longer. Deciduous growth there is great individual differences, and her mother do not have to worry. Under normal circumstances, 2-year-old semi-deciduous about a homogeneous, but some babies can be up to 3-year-old deciduous Changquan 20. And the last one off the deciduous teeth, it is necessary to wait until the 12-year-old to complete.
Mothers should pay attention to the protection of your baby's primary teeth, deciduous teeth is the basis of permanent teeth, deciduous tooth decay period, not only will baby cause considerable pain, will affect the growth of permanent teeth. Not because the deciduous and permanent teeth to be replaced sooner or later, we neglect the protection of the deciduous teeth. Deciduous teeth of great significance to the health of your baby, no teeth, will not only cause obstacles to chew, but will also affect the normal pronunciation.
-Month-old baby in this paragraph have a strong wish to emulate, this is the best training time brushing baby, parents should set an example, gargle with water after a meal in the morning and evening to brush their teeth, but also regular oral health checks for dental and health care.
Growth and development of teeth
Dental growth and development through four stages: the occurrence, development, calcification, eruption. Growth and development of teeth, is a long-term, continuity, and at the same time and stage.
- Your baby's primary teeth embryo, as early as the embryo begins to form on the seven weeks to 10 weeks of embryos, all the deciduous teeth have been formed embryo;
- 2-year-old completed a half years the growth of deciduous teeth;
- Deciduous teeth from the 6-year-old began to fall off, until the 12-year-old, all the deciduous teeth all fell off, replaced by permanent teeth;
- Constant tooth germ as early as the baby 3 ~ 4 months began to take shape when, and until 3 or 4-year-old child to complete;
- Permanent teeth began to grow from 6-year-old, 12-year-old basic replace all the deciduous teeth.
Dentition space
Babies grow a lot of deciduous teeth, and can be between the teeth and tooth fracture, not a close one, each have a gap between teeth. Such being the case, you need to do orthodontics? Do not need. Deciduous period, the gap between the teeth is normal and does not require treatment. Permanent period of time, children with irregular teeth, occlusal joint dislocation, with teeth, so teeth should be corrected as soon as possible. Out space-based incidence of deciduous teeth is as high as 70% ~ 90%, without gaps or closed-type small proportion of deciduous teeth out. Gap under the deciduous teeth out different positions, a long clearance into soul, space and mixed development of three types of space.
● Ling long gap, in the primates can be seen in the majority, named;
● the development gap between the teeth and teeth with the gap arising from the development;
● mixed space, spiritual space and development of a long gap, and that the highest incidence.
Deciduous space do not need medical intervention. Deciduous space out why such a high incidence, it has its own reason, that is to say, this may have physiological significance, although research in this area is still relatively weak, but it is certain that the incidence of so much, we have a positive significance. Some scholars believe that space-based seamless than deciduous deciduous type is more conducive to the normal order of permanent teeth, occlusal function in favor of permanent normal form.
Easily run freely
Be able to freely run free, run off, and learned to run. Baby will be the objects with different heights to climb upward, to get things he wanted. So my mother can no longer be like before, in accordance with the baby on the ground to the height of the can, or step into a small bench height, placed so that the goods reach the baby. Baby started to bounce like a game, can be painted on the ground at different distances of the line, so baby jump lattice, and the baby turtles and rabbits do a race game, the ability to exercise crowhop baby.
Jumping from a height
Babies have the courage and ability of the objects from the high jumping. Therefore, as long as they are able to go where your baby, your baby may have the courage to jump. This is caused by baby fell from a height of one of the risk factors, parents should give full consideration to this point. Climb when the baby, the baby can not be asked to objects from the high jump, the will of the fall. If your baby to practice jump from a height, it is best to place a cushion on the floor.
Can not jump
Under normal circumstances, such a big baby still can not jump. Very strong athletic ability of the baby may jump about 10 centimeters high. If the baby does not have this ability without training, because the higher ground from the low jump, it is easy to be higher than the height or tripping over objects, the incisors磕掉But sad thing.
Place long jump, foot play
If the baby last month, will be able to place a take-off, this month may be a new and long enough, the place has not just take off, but also a place long jump. If you will be able to place long jump last month, and will jump further this month. Movement ability of the baby may jump forward in the running. Baby stood, raised his foot has passed the ball out, for such a big baby is not easy. Physical development of good fruit fruit, 1-year-old half-foot will be able to play on the beach, it's kinda like posture Platini free kick penalty.
Free up and down the stairs
Baby has been able to free up and down stairs, but relatively steep up and down the stairs, the best baby or holding hands. Baby leg length may also be less than one step at a higher level, balance is still in development and improvement. The steep staircase, or ladder span relatively large, baby the next floor down the stairs when possible. Some babies may be a step sideways to a new level underground, should not conclude that the capacity of baby backward movement. Some babies will be until the 2-year-old semi-free down the stairs.
Bending objects seized
Last month, your baby may be bending things seized, but things will pick squat baby feel more secure, so baby take a more squat approach, pick up small things underground. Now baby do not worry about it because the baby has been able to easily down to pick something, and not fall forward.

1-year-old children's physical development

Learn to jump one leg
One leg jumping baby needs a good balance and adequate strength, if the baby this month, will be able to jump one leg, and he should be applauded for the baby. If the baby still can not jump one leg, not athletic ability that the baby behind. Some babies may be even later, when one leg jump, which is normal.

Like loop
Infant baby满床rolling case, may also remember her mother. Baby is now grown up, has great ability, and is no longer rolling满床, but leave the tumbling bed. Good spread blankets on the floor so that baby tumbling, are safe and reliable. Baby tumbling in bed, the mother can not leave a single moment, or else fall off the bed, it has been late to regret.
The ball into the basket
The ball into the basket, baby-on-hand requirements must be considerable accuracy, which to the mother than the ball more difficult. Baby's arm strength, a sense of direction, vision, balance force, thinking ability, to each other to coordinate in order to complete the shot and the ball dropped into.
Riding a small tricycle
Babies generally like the feeling of riding a small tricycle to cars, baby With a mobile manner. Walk slowly move from sitting to crawling before, crawling forward to the official will take, will be running, and now allows the foot off, with the road wheels, like the baby of course.
Bandy legs
Have been able to go a very good baby, looks like a "bandy legs" (similar to rickets in children "O-type legs," or "X-type legs"), which is often the parents with the reasons for your baby to see a doctor. In fact, the baby just learning to walk, some seem to "bandy legs" is normal. When the baby has the will to walk, the baby's muscles and bones have been ready, the parents do not take up some of your baby "bandy legs" on limiting the baby to walk. However, the baby must be able to stand alone when the baby started walking training.

Neonatal period which the disease-prone

(1) the newborn after birth asphyxia is not the only heart breathing, or only irregular, intermittent, weak superficial breathing, is the birth process birth process is too long, it was caused by severe hypoxia, if the fetus heart rate over 160 times per minute or less than 100 are signs of hypoxia. Generally light to clear the respiratory tract by foreign bodies, tail flap, pin the center of shells, breathing can resume soon. In severe cases, brain cells can induce necrosis or death within 24 hours.

(2) and the middle tumor cephalhematoma birth a few days see the emergence of a round the head mass, if the touch the edge of a clear view, no more than suture, known as cephalhematoma; if not touch the edge of the mass of more than suture, there are fluctuations in the sense referred to as scalp edema, that is, tumor production. General hematoma can be 1-4 on the absorption, and edema can be 2-3 days after birth disappear without treatment, not to massage, puncture-aspiration.
(3) Neonatal intracranial hemorrhage neonatal cranial bleeding caused by vascular. Intracranial bleeding showed irritability, screaming, vomiting, convulsions, bulging fontanelle before, head back, staring eyes, difficulty in breathing, without food or drink, lethargy, muscle relaxation, reflection disappear. This is a critically ill patients, emergency treatment is not easy and timely death.
(4) newborn pneumonia It is also a serious disease. Neonatal pneumonia rarely cough, only the performance of the general state of poor response to low口吐white foam, irritability, inability to cry, do not suck the breast, body temperature decreased, shortness of breath, blue lips and so on. The disease should be sent to hospital.
(5) hemolytic disease of the newborn was mainly due to maternal or infant blood group incompatibility with erythrocyte glucose -6 - phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency caused. Manifested as jaundice, anemia, edema, hepatosplenomegaly and so on. Common ABO type O in the mother and infant for the A-or B-type person. In fact such a common blood group incompatibility, but only caused by hemolytic disease of 2.5%, the reasons for confusion. Erythrocyte glucose -6 - phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is a genetic disease in the baby. Due to the lack of this enzyme in vivo, once the lack of oxygen, exposure to camphor ball, taking sulfa drugs, such as injection of vitamin K can be induced hemolysis.
(6) neonatal sepsis before birth if pregnant women have bacterial infection, or premature rupture of membranes at birth by the production of bacterial infection to the fetus along the line, or after birth omphalitis, skin sores, and so the bacteria have entered the blood circulation of baby in the incidence. The disease manifested as eating, crying low temperature does not rise, aggravating jaundice, such as high fever and chills. This is the critical illness should be on time. Within one month of birth of the newborn, as a result of not adapting to the external environment, immune dysfunction, so it is prone to infectious diseases such as neonatal omphalitis, impetigo, neonatal pneumonia and so on. But as long as the family do a good job in the prevention of these diseases or could have been avoided.

"Milk ringworm" not properly deal with the impact of baby life

Do not think that children who face the "milk ringworm" will disappear with the Weaning, skin specialists pointed out that this is actually suffering from dermatitis of the sign, if there is no proper care, these children of the Little Red Spot will be itching to haunt them for life.

Although the traditional medical literature points out that about 80% of patients after puberty will gradually get out of this dermatitis, but the medical community the experience of diagnosis and treatment of these patients shows that really grow up with the Little Red Spot insulation than expected in patients less is more, there are at least 50% of patients after adult red itchy skin off the situation.
Two million new cases each year for treatment
This red itchy rash in medicine known as atopic dermatitis, a small red spot was seen in the face, neck, hands and feet of the joints. Although any age group are likely to be affected, but patients are infants and children. Locally, about half of the patients was 10 years ago in symptoms.
In Singapore, five children each have at least one person affected, the medical profession do not know of atopic dermatitis have the real reason, but it is widely believed that doctors and genetic and environmental factors have a great relationship.
Singapore National Skin Center, Dr. Cai Sihan specialist consultant, said: "Patients should not be that my age has reached a certain 'magic number', will automatically disappear dermatitis. If proper care as soon as possible to take preventive measures, a greater chance of recovery."
At present, the medical profession has not fully cure such a condition of treatment, but the patient's parents of small children that need to be scratch at the skin and despair, doctors and patients can do is: through the ointment containing steroids and Run agent for patients with skin itching and skin inflammation control the situation, coupled with adequate skin care to relieve itching red.
Skin Center has just started in February this year, the use of new immunosuppressant ointment to treat patients. However, because prices are too high, so doctors usually only suggested ointment may be sufficient in some traditional steroids are part of an allergic reaction.
Effect is not necessarily more expensive drugs
Dr. Cai Sihan emphasize that the more expensive drugs or skin care products will not necessarily lead to greater efficacy of the patient, the patient should consult your doctor to find out what drugs they are suitable.
Skin specialists are also correct misconceptions about dermatitis. Many people believe that skin inflammation is caused by eating seafood. Assistant consultant skin specialist, Dr Yeoh pointed out that in fact only 10-20% patients allergic to food because of the disease. "In these patients, the allergic reaction to seafood only condition deteriorated so that one of the factors, rather than caused by induced dermatitis."
Dr. Yang also pointed out that the "blood toxins with" saying it is unfounded. "We believe that the emergence of dermatitis is the body's immune system over-active, or response to certain environmental factors caused by allergies, and 'do not muddy the issue of blood' has nothing to do."
Atopic dermatitis is not infectious
Many parents may have questions: atopic dermatitis will be transmitted, the sick child is not school a long time? Dr Yeoh pointed out that parents can rest assured that atopic dermatitis is not infectious, the patient need not worry about the people around, or through contact with infected objects sharing the disease.

Neonatal sepsis nursing points herpes

Impetigo Neonatorum, also known as Pemphigus Neonatorum.

Impetigo Neonatorum to occur in the neonatal bullosa in a predominantly suppurative acute infectious skin diseases, incidence of acute, infectious strong.
Maintained at room temperature in about 24 ~ 26 ℃, humidity 55 ~ 60%, indoor air fresh and sunny, 2 times daily ventilation, to avoid air convection. Shower changing every day, when the action gentle shower, skin folds cleaned Department. Select soft loose cotton clothes, changing diapers, to keep the body clean
Strict implementation of disinfection and isolation system, the nursing staff to enforce the sterile techniques to avoid cross-infection, as a result of septic infectious herpes, herpes infection of the septic bed to isolate one bath towel a bowl of a thermometer. Operation after a serious hand disinfection, UV disinfection of wards 2 times a day, each time 30min, daily 1000mg / L chlorine disinfectant to wash the floor 2 bed unit with 0.5% peracetic acid brush, patients after discharge from hospital bed terminal disinfection units do a good job

Led to two major causes of neonatal hair loss

Lanugo newborns are brought out by the mother, the majority of newborns after birth of 2 ~ 3 weeks, significant hair loss. This is because the baby after birth, the majority of hair follicles in a few days to rest from the rapid growing period due to the general after 9 ~ 12 weeks, the children will re-form hair follicles ball, re-grow new hair. If there are signs of increasing the hair loss can go to the hospital pediatric clinic, the first clear etiology, a result of the treatment will be effective.

The overall infant hair loss hair loss can be divided into physiological and pathological types of hair loss, hair loss in the most common physiological.
Physiological neonatal hair four or five months after birth when the natural regeneration of lanugo, no other abnormalities. This is characterized by hair loss just black hair at birth, but gradually turn yellow, and that four to five months after birth, when diffuse off. This baby hair loss without treatment, most will naturally turn for the better.
Baby after birth, due to changes in the environment, often there will be the phenomenon of hair, some parents do not understand, and often thought it was ill baby. If you understand this phenomenon, we do not have to worry about them.
Pathological causes of hair loss are:
Hair loss caused by a calcium deficiency, there are bald pillow with a decline in serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase increased, night terrors, irritability, etc., to be timely and calcium.
2, immune, metabolic and nutritional problems caused by hair loss, can check the thyroid function, parathyroid function, trace elements, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, immune function, such as differential diagnosis. If you suspect that malnutrition can be formulated from the perspective of pediatric a reasonable meal table, and observed for 3 months. After 3 months after the balance of nutritional supplements, if there is no progress, subject to further detailed examination, such as growth hormone.
3 childhood nervous anxiety caused by hair loss.
4 Other seborrheic dermatitis, the first scale, fever, drugs, poisoning, genetic syndrome, head injury, chicken, shampoo harm, injury perm hair loss caused by such factors.
5 rather than the hair loss hair breakage. Most hair loss infant metabolism and nutrition, the majority that there is no problem, only a small number of underlying disease. Whole-day nursery school-age children in kindergarten and is mostly associated with the spirit of factors. Only about 2% of other diseases is a start to behave as alopecia areata, but the performance of those who are sick for the hair loss. To observe patients for 6 months after the blood test done with great fanfare. Alopecia Areata rarely look at the first time confirmed, it is necessary to convince the parents, even if the illness is not one or two days can be seen from. Long after the hair loss can look back to the main damage to hair follicles to shrink any.
In short, the issue of infant hair androgen by the impact of the mother and the head of the micro-ecological changes. Hair care ground point is to maintain clean head. Removal of the first major scale is enough oil to soften slowly above, pay attention to the scalp condition, a serious if not immediately when the shampoo, cream can be used.

Indexed large neonatal diseases

Cry
Baby crying is the only way to seek help. Newborns generally do not shed tears when crying, parents often can not be based on his crying to identify what he needs. Normal newborns cry often because the hungry, thirsty or wet diapers, the ambient temperature caused by too low or too high.

Crying also may be a sign of ill newborns: a daze when the baby's eyes, crying is a sudden, instead of mildly short of screaming at high pitch, is often a sign of brain disease; when touched a certain part of your baby increased crying, we should carefully examine the site of any abnormalities, such as neonatal subcutaneous gangrene involving the back and sacrococcygeal major, picked up and changing diapers often exacerbated when the crying; baby crying or unable to speak the prompt in a serious condition.
Baby cry or the language of the Federation of normal newborns cry every day of the patches. If he was quiet, Do not Cry did not make, it is too "good", and anti-attention to, it is necessary to determine his normal brain development.
Groan
If the newborn due to respiratory or heart disease, lung function resulting in apparent disorder, or brain disease, breath哼哼groan from time to time, this is the performance in a serious condition. Continued to moan moan than intermittent heavier condition should not hesitate to send hospital for treatment.
Vomiting
Vomiting refers to the milk from the stomach out through the mouth can have a better momentum, often accompanied by strong abdominal muscle contraction; Yang milk refers to milk from the esophagus or stomach, as I overflow, the general momentum is not, is not associated with abdominal muscle strong contraction. Yang milk regardless of vomiting or both may be inappropriate feeding practices, or caused by excessive food intake, or it may be functional gastrointestinal disorder or congenital intestinal atresia, caused by diseases such as esophageal atresia. Generally speaking, a good appetite as long as their children, increasing gain weight, have a bowel movement, it does not matter, but attention should be paid to feeding practices, feeding the right of lying when desirable, to prevent inhalation of the respiratory tract were out. Yang milk if accompanied by vomiting or the performance of the following should be taken seriously, asked the doctors to check:
① loss of appetite, make them apathetic.
② high fever or before the skull.
③ weight loss or performance loss.
④ vomit blood or yellow green.
⑤ often spit or foamy salivation liquid.
⑥ bloating or stomach can be seen, the peristaltic waves of intestinal type.
⑦ constipation or not from meconium after birth.
Jaundice
Newborns in the 3-10 days after birth are mostly minor jaundice, which is the physical phenomenon. However, due to the physical characteristics of newborns, making a number of diseases can cause or worsen jaundice. Therefore, when the jaundice appears, is to distinguish between physiological or pathological. If the jaundice has one of the following circumstances, may not be physiological:
① 24 hours after birth with jaundice that is quite obvious.
② jaundice throughout the body, was Weicheng yellow, and clear understanding in the near future.
③ deepening jaundice and then subside once or 2-3 weeks after birth is still very obvious.
④ stool color or white light, and the urine dark yellow color.
⑤ abnormal condition of the body: fever, poor appetite, mental well, two stare blankly.
Respiratory disorder
The normal newborn is not breathing hard, 40 times per minute or so. Some slightly uneven pace of breathing, the rate at shallow depth, but not with the skin such as bruising or slow heart beat, then normal, abnormal breathing refers to respiratory distress and apnea:
① respiratory distress: very hard to breathe, inhale the soft tissue when the thoracic and abdominal sag on. Expiratory groan issued from time to time, both sides of the nasal breathing Xi animals and respiratory rate significantly faster (60 times per minute) or slow (Misoji per minute or less), often accompanied by skin bruising.
② apnea: apnea refers to breathing of the sick child more than 15 seconds, and with pale gray, slow heartbeat. Higher incidence of premature babies.
Diarrhea
Breast-feeding the newborn, every day you can go up to four to six large, was the appearance of thick paste, and sometimes slightly green, it is normal. Diarrhea is the thin stool, water and more; In severe cases, fecal water content and a lot of little quality. Many reasons for diarrhea: a virus or bacterial infection; breast milk volume or too much sugar; cold, etc. may cause. A small number of children is due to the lack of milk allergy or intestinal digestion and absorption of the enzyme induced by lactose.
Food have fewer number of frequencies can also be called "diarrhea hunger", then loose stool, color green, but more than the number, although small, should be differentiated from other diarrheal.
Skin bruising
This refers to blue-violet skin. Neonatal birth, due to a sudden change in living environment, need to be adjusted cardio-pulmonary function, skin and some bruising, but after 20 minutes of birth should gradually disappear, if not disappear, it may be pathological. Neonatal skin bruising caused for many reasons: simple bruising for congenital cyanotic heart disease, bursts of green due to the central nervous system caused by disease or severe infection. In addition, the ambient temperature is low, the children will end the bruising to the lips and limbs, can be disappeared by the heat. Some children in the intrauterine pressure, local blood stasis, the Ministry of Health will be behind the purple spot, referred to as the "bleeding injury" may gradually disappear after birth.
Pale
Pale skin and mucous membranes is also a kind of morbid, the reasons are:
① superficial vasoconstriction: at ambient temperature is too low or when the child has the disease.
② anemia: due to blood loss or hemolysis caused.
Fever
Fever is also a newborn in the bacterial or viral infections at the time of the performance of one of the important, often suck milk, the mother felt hot oral children to know their children ill. However, after neonatal infection may not have a fever, especially in light of low birth weight children or severe, and even lower than normal body temperature. In addition, the ambient temperature is too high, but also can increase body temperature, therefore, can not simply look at the body temperature to determine whether the baby has fallen sick.
Convulsions
Few neonatal convulsions convulsive typical, and sometimes only as follows:
① eyes staring, tremor, or continue to blink.
② mouth repeatedly for chewing, sucking action.
③ irregular breathing, skin bruising accompanied by a moratorium.
④ facial muscle spasm.
⑤ performance for a small number of newborns: the side of the body or limb muscle or Oscillatoria waves to draw sustained tonic muscle tension.
Convulsion is a nervous system symptoms, but not necessarily mind is sick, can be caused by a variety of reasons, such as high fever, water electrolyte imbalance (low calcium, low magnesium, high sodium, etc.), congenital heart disease caused by cerebral anoxia , jaundice too; sepsis, such as, in the event, it is necessary to investigate the reasons, in time, do not delay.
Newborns during sleep when fingers, toes small twitch, and then wake up everything will be all right, this should not be mistaken for seizures.