There are many young children out of her mother because of a rash and come to visit, paediatricians are often diagnosed as "acute measles child." Infant and child care urgent measles is a common childhood eruptive diseases. Most scholars believe that with the virus.
The disease mainly found in infant age, the four seasons can occur, life for more than two infections rare. Its clinical manifestation is acute onset, high fever up to 39-40 ℃, the continued sharp fall in natural 3-5 days, the spirit of immediate improvement. It is characterized by burning or rash rash back the heat back. Rash and more irregular spots for small roses can also be an integration, the pressure subsided. First in the neck and trunk, quickly throughout the body, waist and hips more. Rash subsided in 1-2 days, leaving pigment spots. The disease before the rash respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms such as pharyngitis, diarrhea, lymph nodes around the neck at the same time a general increase, which is the diagnosis of measles exanthema meaningful.
There is no specific treatment of this disease, antibiotic treatment is invalid. Only symptomatic treatment, high fever, irritability or easy to startle, the fever can be used tranquilizers; if sustained high fever, we need to add more liquid, drink plenty of water, soup, fruit juice and so on.
Friday, July 24, 2009
Leukoplakia and vitiligo skin
Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentation of skin melanoma. As for why the loss of melanin, in spite of many studies carried out up to now is still not clear, may be associated with genetic, autoimmune, self-destruction of melanocytes and nerve-related factors such as chemical factors. Vitiligo clinical performance for size, shape of the pigment loss different spots, the number of uncertainties, a clear edge, and some spot outside the normal increase in skin pigment Department, in medicine as the phenomenon of peripheral pigment coating increases. White spot on the hair may be white, but also the same. Leukoplakia can occur on any part of the body, but in the face, neck, and other exposed parts of the back and external genitalia, such as common skin folds. The majority of the Board are limited, and exist in isolation, but also the distribution of symmetry, or zonal distribution was along the nerve can also be generalized body, leaving only a small number of normal skin.
The disease occurs in all age groups, but the 20-year-old before the incidence of the majority. Apart from the loss of melanin, the summer cause sunburn incidence of skin symptoms corresponding generally no other symptoms. For chronic disease, and sustainable life, while some patients may go away, but also after the disappearance of the case again, completely self-healing only a small number of patients. Since the disease often occurred in the face, often caused by beauty, so many treatment, but also very urgent, but there is no specific treatment, many of prescriptions to deal with.
Skin spot involves a lot of skin, it can be a separate skin can also be part of a skin from a skin disease on performance; can be congenital, but also can be acquired; have genetic factors, there are factors of infection; also There are many so far unexplained. In addition to children's skin in vitiligo spot can also be found in many skin diseases. Common were anemia congenital nevus without nevus; were acquired or secondary halo nevus, tinea versicolor, pityriasis white and inflammatory skin diseases, such as the secondary spot. There are mottled rare disease, tuberous sclerosis, and many of the white spot syndrome pattern of skin manifestations. Therefore, the parents found that when children have a white spot, that is categorically not suffering from vitiligo, and should bring their children to see a doctor, a clear diagnosis and then treatment or observation.
The disease occurs in all age groups, but the 20-year-old before the incidence of the majority. Apart from the loss of melanin, the summer cause sunburn incidence of skin symptoms corresponding generally no other symptoms. For chronic disease, and sustainable life, while some patients may go away, but also after the disappearance of the case again, completely self-healing only a small number of patients. Since the disease often occurred in the face, often caused by beauty, so many treatment, but also very urgent, but there is no specific treatment, many of prescriptions to deal with.
Skin spot involves a lot of skin, it can be a separate skin can also be part of a skin from a skin disease on performance; can be congenital, but also can be acquired; have genetic factors, there are factors of infection; also There are many so far unexplained. In addition to children's skin in vitiligo spot can also be found in many skin diseases. Common were anemia congenital nevus without nevus; were acquired or secondary halo nevus, tinea versicolor, pityriasis white and inflammatory skin diseases, such as the secondary spot. There are mottled rare disease, tuberous sclerosis, and many of the white spot syndrome pattern of skin manifestations. Therefore, the parents found that when children have a white spot, that is categorically not suffering from vitiligo, and should bring their children to see a doctor, a clear diagnosis and then treatment or observation.
What is Kawasaki disease characterized by fever
Kawasaki disease, also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, is a systemic vasculitis as the main pathological changes of acute fever, rash diseases. Mainly occurred in children, 2-year-old with the highest incidence in children, 10-year-old children after the onset rarely.
Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome is characterized by early onset that is manifested as fever, but also for the high fever, body temperature of 39 ℃ or more often, and sustained high fever for more than five days, antibiotic treatment is invalid. In the course of high fever, can occur in children with conjunctival hyperemia ball eyes (red eyes), chapped lips, tongue, nipple and congestive processes, like Yangmei. At the same time, the trunk may be erythema multiforme, skin rash similar to scarlet fever. In the acute stage, there will be a solid hand, foot swelling, sustained about a week, in the end means the toe nails along with the emergence of film at the junction of skin peeling. There are swollen neck lymph nodes.
A considerable number of children in the early signs of myocarditis and pericarditis, and some can be seen in children with heart expanded, or visible coronary artery involvement. Associated with coronary artery involvement, myocarditis or pericarditis in children with a high fatality rate.
Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome of children, in the acute phase should be given high-dose aspirin treatment, in the febrile period of the daily dose per kilogram of body weight should be 50-100mg, the thermal back-dose can be halved, and then gradually reduce the volume, continuous application of 2 to 6 months. Aspirin can inhibit platelet aggregation, thereby preventing coronary artery thrombosis and obstruction.
Chinese medicine treatment of this disease have very good results. In the fever period, Chinese medicine should be the main heat-clearing and detoxifying treatment, and in line with the application of drug huoxuehuayu. In the recovery period, Chinese medicine should focus on Qingre Ziyin.
Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome is characterized by early onset that is manifested as fever, but also for the high fever, body temperature of 39 ℃ or more often, and sustained high fever for more than five days, antibiotic treatment is invalid. In the course of high fever, can occur in children with conjunctival hyperemia ball eyes (red eyes), chapped lips, tongue, nipple and congestive processes, like Yangmei. At the same time, the trunk may be erythema multiforme, skin rash similar to scarlet fever. In the acute stage, there will be a solid hand, foot swelling, sustained about a week, in the end means the toe nails along with the emergence of film at the junction of skin peeling. There are swollen neck lymph nodes.
A considerable number of children in the early signs of myocarditis and pericarditis, and some can be seen in children with heart expanded, or visible coronary artery involvement. Associated with coronary artery involvement, myocarditis or pericarditis in children with a high fatality rate.
Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome of children, in the acute phase should be given high-dose aspirin treatment, in the febrile period of the daily dose per kilogram of body weight should be 50-100mg, the thermal back-dose can be halved, and then gradually reduce the volume, continuous application of 2 to 6 months. Aspirin can inhibit platelet aggregation, thereby preventing coronary artery thrombosis and obstruction.
Chinese medicine treatment of this disease have very good results. In the fever period, Chinese medicine should be the main heat-clearing and detoxifying treatment, and in line with the application of drug huoxuehuayu. In the recovery period, Chinese medicine should focus on Qingre Ziyin.
Adnexal skin you know it
The human body is composed of various organs, skin is an important organ of the body, as a sophisticated and complex machines, like, there are essential parts, that is, adnexal skin.
Adnexal skin include: hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and the mean (toe) A.
Hair: normal neonatal skin surface, there are thin, short and soft lanugo, lanugo premature infants more immature. Full-term newborns than for adults in particular, soft hair, like fine silk, in premature infants immature hair finer, look like a cotton-like, one month after birth gradually take off, grow new hair, so hair loss is not a disease of neonatal . In addition, larger differences in the number of neonatal hair, some almost no hair, and some dense black hair, but this time the number of hair and color depth, not the characteristics of the hair after the decision, if just born without hair, but also do not have to worry of. Development of eyebrows and eyelashes are even worse, when the 3-5 year-old adults is similar, so no need to encourage eyebrow scratch.
Sebaceous glands: Health after the full body, head, forehead, nose, ears, chest and scapular region up to, also known as "sebum District." Sebaceous gland function in the fetal period has been relatively strong, and the skin at birth and there are many fat tires, which can also be yellow sebum, there are slightly smell the crust, that is, within the neonatal period skin fat oil outflow phenomenon This is prone to adolescent "pimple Zhuang", hair loss, such as excess fat is the same reason.
Sweat glands: sweat glands are the size of the points, and gradually increased with age and development to improve. More than full-term newborns 3-5 days after birth, in the face and trunk only to see the sweat, and premature infants to 2-3 weeks before the start sweating, sweating palms and soles later.
Means (toe) A: full-term birth has been a long time to refer to (toe) end of preterm premature infants often fail to refer to (toe) side.
Adnexal skin include: hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and the mean (toe) A.
Hair: normal neonatal skin surface, there are thin, short and soft lanugo, lanugo premature infants more immature. Full-term newborns than for adults in particular, soft hair, like fine silk, in premature infants immature hair finer, look like a cotton-like, one month after birth gradually take off, grow new hair, so hair loss is not a disease of neonatal . In addition, larger differences in the number of neonatal hair, some almost no hair, and some dense black hair, but this time the number of hair and color depth, not the characteristics of the hair after the decision, if just born without hair, but also do not have to worry of. Development of eyebrows and eyelashes are even worse, when the 3-5 year-old adults is similar, so no need to encourage eyebrow scratch.
Sebaceous glands: Health after the full body, head, forehead, nose, ears, chest and scapular region up to, also known as "sebum District." Sebaceous gland function in the fetal period has been relatively strong, and the skin at birth and there are many fat tires, which can also be yellow sebum, there are slightly smell the crust, that is, within the neonatal period skin fat oil outflow phenomenon This is prone to adolescent "pimple Zhuang", hair loss, such as excess fat is the same reason.
Sweat glands: sweat glands are the size of the points, and gradually increased with age and development to improve. More than full-term newborns 3-5 days after birth, in the face and trunk only to see the sweat, and premature infants to 2-3 weeks before the start sweating, sweating palms and soles later.
Means (toe) A: full-term birth has been a long time to refer to (toe) end of preterm premature infants often fail to refer to (toe) side.
Common skin disease and its prevention and treatment
(1) prickly heat
Prickly heat is the excretion of sweat is not smooth, sweat plot of the skin, inflammation around the sweat glands.
Infants and young children will often sweat, but because of lack of control mechanism, easy to grow prickly heat, it is often the most important thing is to keep the skin clean and dry.
The popularity of air-conditioning, long prickly heat than before the baby, but the role of sweat glands from the 3-year-old to determine the prevailing conditions. Strong in the air-conditioning in summer places, less sweat, sweat gland will not grow up well-developed, can not withstand hot, it is important to let your baby play on the outside sweating moderately.
(2) diaper rash
Covered by diapers easy to swelling and inflammation of the buttocks, known as the urine rash.
Light symptoms and only around the anus or buttocks more than red. Symptoms are serious, will form a rash or blisters, or peeling skin Ulcer. Baby feel pain.
Reasons can be divided into two broad categories. To be a pocket diaper or urine, urine, then the impact of the formation of contact dermatitis. The other is the baby The fecal aurantiacus infection, known as the "disease ascomycetes."
People in the past that the rash is mainly due to urine, urine urea by coliform in the decomposition of ammonia caused by the formation of (referred to as ammonia dermatitis). Later, while aware that there are other factors. All in all, it is urine, faeces, sweat and moisture in the diaper soluble, due to continuous contact with the skin. If the diaper of a lack of ventilation if his condition to deteriorate more easily. Severe diarrhea, especially when stimulated by manure will form a diaper rash, during which it is difficult to cure.
Ascomycetes and disease caused by diaper rash is somewhat different. Diaper rash, deputy general use in renal cortex hormones can cure it. If the use of the drug treatment of disease ascomycetes, but will condition deteriorated.
Soiled diapers in itself will stimulate and cause diaper rash, so regular cleaning to the buttocks, hips and to keep dry.
Wet diaper, it is necessary to immediately replace. Package of disposable diapers not a very long time. When changing diapers, using a soft cloth or old towel to open the Baptist Clean water to bottom.
If only the red hips of the symptoms, rubbing talcum powder or lotion on it, serious, several times a day do not rub to stimulate the soft Cream.
In addition, diaper washing with bleach or disinfectant, to the laundry than usual to spend double the time to clean. Instead softener Will stimulate the skin, it's best not to wash your baby's clothes.
(3) skin candidiasis
It is very similar to diaper rash, is caused by the mold, generally will not appear on the health of the skin, and diaper rash and other skin than More vulnerable areas. The difference between it and the diaper rash is erythema only grow when the bottom surface of the diaper rash, redness, then fold Department Is candidiasis.
Parents can not be determined whether the diaper rash, it is necessary to go to the hospital to check for candidiasis in order to receive timely medical treatment.
Candidiasis prevention in order to maintain dry, so after changing diapers can be a little dry so that the ventilation buttocks. In addition, a good wash with the diapers Drying with the dryer, it would be better exposure in the sun more bactericidal effect.
(4) Herpes
Herpes is a prickly heat, mosquito bites, eczema, etc. caused by suppuration, president of the body around the blister.
Water will make the skin suppuration herpes. Mainly due to caused by Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. These bacteria are highly infectious form of small blisters at first, gradually become larger blisters. Vesicular membrane thin, easily broken, initially transparent, and then gradually suppurative. Vesicular membrane rupture, septic outflow after the formation of a thin crust. Blisters in a large number of bacteria, constantly transmitted, the formation of new blisters, and then to the suppurative.
This will immediately break blisters, and soon became a scab. Occur in the summer, your baby will feel itchy, and then have been arrested, and thus transmitted to the body Other parts of the body.
Broken blisters does not matter, but if infected with herpes bacteria will grow again, so we must draw fluid dry gauze, and then disinfected, and then Apply antibiotic ointment. Do not use septic hinder the absorption of the paper, oil paper, tape. Steroid ointment not applied to the wet site (if the treatment of 1 ~ 2 days still to go to dermatologist to check invalid).
(6) Eczema
Was particularly prevalent in the months after the birth of a baby later. The initial head, mild facial erythema and small papules to large areas of emphasis are the development of erythema, papules, Qiu herpes, but also gradually extended to cover the entire head and face, and even extend to the armpits, navel, face, hand, foot. But the symptoms do not itch, eczema and general different.
Unknown causes. This period more baby oil secretion, and adolescent "Beautiful pox" similar. If minor conditions Soap in the shower head may be cleaned. Scab grow, it is necessary to clean several times a day.
The prevention of the disease, the most important day-to-day skin is clean. Must be hot water or soap to clean the eyebrow or nose, etc.. Head can be washed with soap.
(7) Care Notes
Baby skin disease, or can take a bath. Even if the long-simplex, there is no problem as long as the shower. But the best use of non-irritating Baby soap.
Mother's nails too long, not only breed mold, will not scratch your baby's skin care. To baby, parents need to nail Short.
In addition, the hand is easier to stay where bacteria. When your baby close to hand soap to clean. Without any special disinfection, which Like on the very effective.
Baby changing clothes or bath the morning after, my mother used to double-check if his whole body from top to bottom, will be able to early detection of skin Abnormal.
To clear the carpet of the egg, the most effective use of a vacuum cleaner.
(8) governance skin (the drug of choice and the right brush method)
Medicine in the doctor, we will have to ask the rubbing method, such as frequency of usage.
When drug-coated thin layer to be rubbed. Polished too much, the impact absorbed through skin.
Bacteria in the humid parts of breeding, so scratch suppurative herpes, the wounds the best medicine to use easy to disinfect and dry.
Not the same as ointment and cream. In the humid parts of rubbing cream medicine, but will stimulate and enable it to deteriorate, so wet and wet wounds Measles avoid using face cream. Synthesis at the time of purchase optional Vaseline Vaseline ointment or general. This will not stimulate the diaper rash ointment.
Eczema or posted in the band-aid the wound will slow wound healing. Paste to avoid band-aid, if must be affixed to, the best to replace the hard-working.
(9) to prepare a full range of skin care products
Red syrup or mouthwash medicine (medicine used in mouthwash, do not rub directly diluted): used to disinfect cuts, abrasions, herpes.
Anti-histamine ointment: Department used to wipe mosquitoes.
Powder, Trichosanthin, emulsion: the prevention of prickly heat, diaper rash.
Antibiotic ointment: to rub herpes, burns, cuts, abrasions.
Baby soap: for bathing, cleaning.
Prickly heat is the excretion of sweat is not smooth, sweat plot of the skin, inflammation around the sweat glands.
Infants and young children will often sweat, but because of lack of control mechanism, easy to grow prickly heat, it is often the most important thing is to keep the skin clean and dry.
The popularity of air-conditioning, long prickly heat than before the baby, but the role of sweat glands from the 3-year-old to determine the prevailing conditions. Strong in the air-conditioning in summer places, less sweat, sweat gland will not grow up well-developed, can not withstand hot, it is important to let your baby play on the outside sweating moderately.
(2) diaper rash
Covered by diapers easy to swelling and inflammation of the buttocks, known as the urine rash.
Light symptoms and only around the anus or buttocks more than red. Symptoms are serious, will form a rash or blisters, or peeling skin Ulcer. Baby feel pain.
Reasons can be divided into two broad categories. To be a pocket diaper or urine, urine, then the impact of the formation of contact dermatitis. The other is the baby The fecal aurantiacus infection, known as the "disease ascomycetes."
People in the past that the rash is mainly due to urine, urine urea by coliform in the decomposition of ammonia caused by the formation of (referred to as ammonia dermatitis). Later, while aware that there are other factors. All in all, it is urine, faeces, sweat and moisture in the diaper soluble, due to continuous contact with the skin. If the diaper of a lack of ventilation if his condition to deteriorate more easily. Severe diarrhea, especially when stimulated by manure will form a diaper rash, during which it is difficult to cure.
Ascomycetes and disease caused by diaper rash is somewhat different. Diaper rash, deputy general use in renal cortex hormones can cure it. If the use of the drug treatment of disease ascomycetes, but will condition deteriorated.
Soiled diapers in itself will stimulate and cause diaper rash, so regular cleaning to the buttocks, hips and to keep dry.
Wet diaper, it is necessary to immediately replace. Package of disposable diapers not a very long time. When changing diapers, using a soft cloth or old towel to open the Baptist Clean water to bottom.
If only the red hips of the symptoms, rubbing talcum powder or lotion on it, serious, several times a day do not rub to stimulate the soft Cream.
In addition, diaper washing with bleach or disinfectant, to the laundry than usual to spend double the time to clean. Instead softener Will stimulate the skin, it's best not to wash your baby's clothes.
(3) skin candidiasis
It is very similar to diaper rash, is caused by the mold, generally will not appear on the health of the skin, and diaper rash and other skin than More vulnerable areas. The difference between it and the diaper rash is erythema only grow when the bottom surface of the diaper rash, redness, then fold Department Is candidiasis.
Parents can not be determined whether the diaper rash, it is necessary to go to the hospital to check for candidiasis in order to receive timely medical treatment.
Candidiasis prevention in order to maintain dry, so after changing diapers can be a little dry so that the ventilation buttocks. In addition, a good wash with the diapers Drying with the dryer, it would be better exposure in the sun more bactericidal effect.
(4) Herpes
Herpes is a prickly heat, mosquito bites, eczema, etc. caused by suppuration, president of the body around the blister.
Water will make the skin suppuration herpes. Mainly due to caused by Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. These bacteria are highly infectious form of small blisters at first, gradually become larger blisters. Vesicular membrane thin, easily broken, initially transparent, and then gradually suppurative. Vesicular membrane rupture, septic outflow after the formation of a thin crust. Blisters in a large number of bacteria, constantly transmitted, the formation of new blisters, and then to the suppurative.
This will immediately break blisters, and soon became a scab. Occur in the summer, your baby will feel itchy, and then have been arrested, and thus transmitted to the body Other parts of the body.
Broken blisters does not matter, but if infected with herpes bacteria will grow again, so we must draw fluid dry gauze, and then disinfected, and then Apply antibiotic ointment. Do not use septic hinder the absorption of the paper, oil paper, tape. Steroid ointment not applied to the wet site (if the treatment of 1 ~ 2 days still to go to dermatologist to check invalid).
(6) Eczema
Was particularly prevalent in the months after the birth of a baby later. The initial head, mild facial erythema and small papules to large areas of emphasis are the development of erythema, papules, Qiu herpes, but also gradually extended to cover the entire head and face, and even extend to the armpits, navel, face, hand, foot. But the symptoms do not itch, eczema and general different.
Unknown causes. This period more baby oil secretion, and adolescent "Beautiful pox" similar. If minor conditions Soap in the shower head may be cleaned. Scab grow, it is necessary to clean several times a day.
The prevention of the disease, the most important day-to-day skin is clean. Must be hot water or soap to clean the eyebrow or nose, etc.. Head can be washed with soap.
(7) Care Notes
Baby skin disease, or can take a bath. Even if the long-simplex, there is no problem as long as the shower. But the best use of non-irritating Baby soap.
Mother's nails too long, not only breed mold, will not scratch your baby's skin care. To baby, parents need to nail Short.
In addition, the hand is easier to stay where bacteria. When your baby close to hand soap to clean. Without any special disinfection, which Like on the very effective.
Baby changing clothes or bath the morning after, my mother used to double-check if his whole body from top to bottom, will be able to early detection of skin Abnormal.
To clear the carpet of the egg, the most effective use of a vacuum cleaner.
(8) governance skin (the drug of choice and the right brush method)
Medicine in the doctor, we will have to ask the rubbing method, such as frequency of usage.
When drug-coated thin layer to be rubbed. Polished too much, the impact absorbed through skin.
Bacteria in the humid parts of breeding, so scratch suppurative herpes, the wounds the best medicine to use easy to disinfect and dry.
Not the same as ointment and cream. In the humid parts of rubbing cream medicine, but will stimulate and enable it to deteriorate, so wet and wet wounds Measles avoid using face cream. Synthesis at the time of purchase optional Vaseline Vaseline ointment or general. This will not stimulate the diaper rash ointment.
Eczema or posted in the band-aid the wound will slow wound healing. Paste to avoid band-aid, if must be affixed to, the best to replace the hard-working.
(9) to prepare a full range of skin care products
Red syrup or mouthwash medicine (medicine used in mouthwash, do not rub directly diluted): used to disinfect cuts, abrasions, herpes.
Anti-histamine ointment: Department used to wipe mosquitoes.
Powder, Trichosanthin, emulsion: the prevention of prickly heat, diaper rash.
Antibiotic ointment: to rub herpes, burns, cuts, abrasions.
Baby soap: for bathing, cleaning.
What are the physiological functions of the skin
Skin not only covers the entire body, it also has a number of physiological functions, including protection, feel, regulating body temperature, secretion and excretion, absorption, metabolism, immune functions. Are presented below:
First, the protective effect: the external skin to chemicals, microorganisms, rays, external forces (friction, oppression) it to resist the role of in vitro and in vivo can prevent the loss of water and electrolytes, but also to prevent bacteria, fungi and other microbial invasion, an important barrier, but the children of thin skin, easy loss, sebum secretion of small, poor barrier, often because of minor injury to outside. If inappropriate care, it is easy to skin infections caused by local and systemic disease.
Second, I feel the role: perceived sense of touch, pressure, thermal, pain and itch, but the younger, poorer sensory function of skin, especially the newborn even worse, so easily crushed improper care, scald.
Third, the role of regulating body temperature: thermal conductivity of the skin is a bad body, secretion of sweat glands can be cooling, not development of sweat glands in children, even in the hot season, often small or non-Khan Khan, easy to heat. Since the regulatory function of temperature is still not perfect, at room temperature, clothing, bedding how much the temperature can affect the children. In particular, too much wrapped the newborn can increase body temperature, open the package, you can make the temperature drop.
Fourth, the absorption feature: Although the skin barrier can have a role, but the children of the table thin skin, blood vessels, and has a high capacity to absorb and through, so the concentration of pediatric drug use is lower, fewer, not partial packet.
Fifth, secretion and excretion function of sebaceous gland secretion in children and adolescent strong, so often have the material from children, infant milk can see thick, yellow crust; adolescent acne often.
All in all physiological functions of the skin in children and adults, as the body plays a very important role. Growth in children with age, the skin will gradually improve physiological function, which requires more children to care for the skin, its functions in order to avoid imperfections caused by a variety of local and internal organs related diseases.
Thursday, July 23, 2009
How to care of children with high fever
Fever is one of the most common pediatric clinical symptoms, generally when the body temperature is 39 ℃ higher than the heat.
Children with persistent high fever, oxygen consumption will increase. Brain cells due to hypoxia, combined with endotoxin stimulation of the brain, can occur in children with delirium, coma and convulsions. Therefore, when the emergence of high fever in children, in addition to the cause so treatment, symptoms should be promptly dealt with, and actively do a good job in the care of children with high fever.
Children with high fever, due to the vagus nerve to reduce the excitatory to gastric peristalsis reduced production and secretion of digestive juice reduced, thereby affecting the function of digestion and absorption. At the same time, increase the heat when catabolism, protein, carbohydrates, fats and vitamins, such as a large number of material consumption, a large number of loss of moisture. Therefore, children with high fever should be noted that a large number of supplementary nutrition and water. According to the patient's condition, as appropriate, given nutritious and easy to digest liquid or semi-liquid diet, such as soup, such as eggs. And drink more water or light syrup to supplement the loss due to heat and moisture, and in favor of toxin excretion.
When as a result of metabolic heat faster, consume more, eat less, physical weakness, it should be minimized in children with activities, more than bed rest.
It should be noted for the high fever in children with good oral and skin care. Reduce the heat when the secretion of saliva, oral mucosa dry mouth then easily fermented food residue and is conducive to bacterial growth, and cause glossitis, gum go far. Children with high fever in a timely manner when necessary to pay attention to cleaning the mouth, it is best to eat after each gargle with salt water. In addition, the high fever in children with fever often a large number of the process of sweating, it is necessary to do a good skin care. To wipe away sweat sweat a timely manner, the replacement of clothing. Temperature can be greater sweat towel to clean the skin, and powder coated in order to maintain the skin clean and dry. In addition, the children also wash their hands, feet, cleaning the vulva and anus, to prevent other parts of the infection.
Dengue fever is characterized by what
Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus, spread by the Aedes by an acute infectious disease. This disease in the world, the major endemic areas in Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands and the Caribbean, in China's southeast coastal areas have been popular, the incidence of dengue fever on the season and the rainy season. The incidence in endemic areas are more popular for children.
The main features of dengue fever is a sudden high fever, children with body temperature within 24 hours can be as high as 40 ℃. At the same time in high fever, headache, eye pain, general muscle pain, bone and joint pain and other symptoms. Some children may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and visible facial flushing, conjunctival hyperemia, and superficial lymph nodes.
Dengue fever is characterized by a sudden high fever, persistent fever 5-7 days after the sudden cooling, heat 1-2 days back can be re-elevated temperature, such as the peaks of heat or heat thermal saddle. In addition to the prominent symptoms of fever, the children can occur in the course of measles-like rash or scarlet fever-like rash. Some children may be gingival bleeding, epistaxis, hemoptysis, urinating blood, such as the performance of gastrointestinal bleeding. Some children will appear in liver, spleen and lymph nodes. Severe dengue fever occur and even gastrointestinal bleeding and hemorrhagic shock.
First of all, the treatment of dengue fever should be to reduce body temperature. Should be first in the heat of physical cooling, you can sponge bath with warm water, alcohol sponge bath, ice cold, cold saline enema and other methods. As the fever for some children with drug-induced hemolysis could, it should be used with caution. For high fever and symptoms of poisoning in children with severe short-term use of low-dose corticosteroids. A lot of heat and sweating or diarrhea leading to dehydration of the children, the liquid should be added in time. Bleeding tendency of blood to give an envelope, such as hemostasis hemostatic drug sensitivity
What is a feve
Normal body temperature in a certain range. General axillary temperature of 36-37.4 ℃, so it has often been the temperature above 37.5 ℃ for fever. And further divided into ,37.5-38 ℃ for low-grade fever ,38.1-39 ℃ to moderate fever ,39-40 .4 ℃ high fever, more than 40.5 ℃ for the ultra-high heat.
Normal children more vulnerable to fluctuations in body temperature, infection, environment and movement and other factors could lead to changes in body temperature in children. Children with elevated body temperature rise is not necessarily abnormal, that is to say the higher temperature is not necessarily the heat. If short-term fluctuations in temperature, but the whole body in good condition and no other abnormal performance should not be considered as children in the fever, may be generated by the following non-disease factors.
Normal body temperature can be increased after exercise. Children in the crying, feeding and other normal physiological activity will increase body temperature. Under normal circumstances, the body temperature does not rise too high, mostly between 37.5-38.0 ℃. Temperature rise is due to crying, feeding and other normal physiological muscle activity resulted in more heat. These reasons lead to increased body temperature, cessation of movement will be returned to normal levels quickly. Encounter these situations, parents can continue to observe the temperature changes in children generally do not need any treatment.
Abnormally high body temperature of the so-called referring to the heating temperature not only increased, but also at the same time due to illness caused by the existence of other abnormalities, such as: pale, breathing accelerated, emotional instability, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, a skin rash. Because of individual differences in children and lead to different diseases, fever, after the performance and there is great difference. For example, with pneumonia, fever and some children are not high, some children can heat up to 39-40 ℃; and if the sense of sustainable heat 2 to 3 days and sustainable for several weeks sepsis. There are acute onset of fever there is relief, and some first heat followed by chill; some heat but very cold extremities and forehead, so his hands and forehead touching the limbs can not easily be detected and sometimes fever, chest and abdomen and can feel the touch fever in children.
In addition, due to brain disease, lesions of central temperature regulation has been violated, nerve conduction system or heat-related dysfunction of tissues and organs (such as hyperthyroidism) or too high temperature of the external environment (eg heat stroke) and serious skin injury Thermal effects of features such as skin, the body's temperature will rise, sometimes up to a very high level. This phenomenon is not a fever, but overheating.
Parents should be noted that when the body temperature of children over the normal range, particularly when there is high fever, do not panic. Should first determine the accuracy of temperature measurement, but also to give serious consideration to the reasons causing the body temperature increased, as necessary, timely diagnosis and treatment of children to go to the hospital in order to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment of disease.
Normal children more vulnerable to fluctuations in body temperature, infection, environment and movement and other factors could lead to changes in body temperature in children. Children with elevated body temperature rise is not necessarily abnormal, that is to say the higher temperature is not necessarily the heat. If short-term fluctuations in temperature, but the whole body in good condition and no other abnormal performance should not be considered as children in the fever, may be generated by the following non-disease factors.
Normal body temperature can be increased after exercise. Children in the crying, feeding and other normal physiological activity will increase body temperature. Under normal circumstances, the body temperature does not rise too high, mostly between 37.5-38.0 ℃. Temperature rise is due to crying, feeding and other normal physiological muscle activity resulted in more heat. These reasons lead to increased body temperature, cessation of movement will be returned to normal levels quickly. Encounter these situations, parents can continue to observe the temperature changes in children generally do not need any treatment.
Abnormally high body temperature of the so-called referring to the heating temperature not only increased, but also at the same time due to illness caused by the existence of other abnormalities, such as: pale, breathing accelerated, emotional instability, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, a skin rash. Because of individual differences in children and lead to different diseases, fever, after the performance and there is great difference. For example, with pneumonia, fever and some children are not high, some children can heat up to 39-40 ℃; and if the sense of sustainable heat 2 to 3 days and sustainable for several weeks sepsis. There are acute onset of fever there is relief, and some first heat followed by chill; some heat but very cold extremities and forehead, so his hands and forehead touching the limbs can not easily be detected and sometimes fever, chest and abdomen and can feel the touch fever in children.
In addition, due to brain disease, lesions of central temperature regulation has been violated, nerve conduction system or heat-related dysfunction of tissues and organs (such as hyperthyroidism) or too high temperature of the external environment (eg heat stroke) and serious skin injury Thermal effects of features such as skin, the body's temperature will rise, sometimes up to a very high level. This phenomenon is not a fever, but overheating.
Parents should be noted that when the body temperature of children over the normal range, particularly when there is high fever, do not panic. Should first determine the accuracy of temperature measurement, but also to give serious consideration to the reasons causing the body temperature increased, as necessary, timely diagnosis and treatment of children to go to the hospital in order to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment of disease.
Why the sudden syncope in children
Syncope is due to temporary lack of extensive cerebral circulation, resulting in the cerebral cortex caused by a high degree of inhibition of short-term loss of consciousness. Commonly found in older children. Children before they attack the body does not feel, see things become blurred, pale, sweating, then dizziness, weak limbs, sudden loss of consciousness. Common types of syncope are:
1. Reflex syncope. The most common, accounting for various types of syncope of 90%. Syncope can be divided into simple orthostatic hypotension. Simple syncope often have significant incentives, such as emotional stress, fear, hot, standing too long; or various puncture, injection, extraction caused. The occurrence of orthostatic hypotension in the supine or squatting by the sudden starting immediately, or when standing for too long. Such as certain drugs such as L-dopa can cause orthostatic hypotension.
2. Cardiogenic syncope. If a serious arrhythmia, sick sinus syndrome, cyanotic congenital heart disease, such as primary pulmonary hypertension.
3. Cerebral syncope. Transient cerebral ischemia, pulseless disease, subarachnoid hemorrhage, chronic encephalopathy, such as lead poisoning.
4. Medullary syncope. Brainstem vascular lesions, cancer, central nervous system degenerative diseases, spinal cord gray high quality go far; certain drugs such as sedatives, tranquilizers vasomotor center to have a direct inhibitory effect.
1. Reflex syncope. The most common, accounting for various types of syncope of 90%. Syncope can be divided into simple orthostatic hypotension. Simple syncope often have significant incentives, such as emotional stress, fear, hot, standing too long; or various puncture, injection, extraction caused. The occurrence of orthostatic hypotension in the supine or squatting by the sudden starting immediately, or when standing for too long. Such as certain drugs such as L-dopa can cause orthostatic hypotension.
2. Cardiogenic syncope. If a serious arrhythmia, sick sinus syndrome, cyanotic congenital heart disease, such as primary pulmonary hypertension.
3. Cerebral syncope. Transient cerebral ischemia, pulseless disease, subarachnoid hemorrhage, chronic encephalopathy, such as lead poisoning.
4. Medullary syncope. Brainstem vascular lesions, cancer, central nervous system degenerative diseases, spinal cord gray high quality go far; certain drugs such as sedatives, tranquilizers vasomotor center to have a direct inhibitory effect.
Fever have any effect on the human body
It is generally known as the abnormal increase of body temperature heat. Fever beneficial or harmful to the patient then? Long-term study in this issue constantly. Some people think that fever is the body resistance and the elimination of a pathogen defense response; It was also suggested that increased temperature will bring about many adverse effects on the human body.
Medical research has shown that the current heat is the beginning of many diseases a defensive reaction, may enhance the ability of anti-infective organism, such as antibodies against the bacteria have increased; to enhance the elimination of toxins within the body of leukocyte enzyme activity and liver detoxification of toxins, etc. in order to resist some of pathogenic micro-organisms attack on the human body and to promote the body back to health.
But the heat on the human body there are certain hazards. If the high fever continued for too long can the human body organs, tissues of the regulatory function of disorders, thereby endangering the health of children. Fever adverse effects on the human body, mainly in the following areas:
Fever so that ingestion of a variety of human nutrient metabolism in the body increased, and by fast, thereby greatly increasing the body's oxygen consumption, increase the body's organs work load, can lead to serious organ failure.
1, of fever, the human body produce too much heat, heat the body must be accelerated in order to adjust the temperature as much as possible, thus leading to faster heart rate, increase the burden on the heart.
2, high fever so the cerebral cortex may also be over-excited children can be manifested as irritability, headache, or convulsions; cerebral cortex may also be caused by a high degree of inhibition, manifested as delirium, drowsiness, coma and so on. Infants and young children become more prominent, and the majority of infants and young children when heat trance mind, there are some emerging high fever in infants with febrile convulsion. High fever and convulsion may be the brain development of infants and young children have an adverse effect.
3, high fever can also affect human digestion. Sometimes slow gastrointestinal movement, patients loss of appetite, abdominal distension, constipation; sometimes the gastrointestinal tract movement enhancement, the patient suffered from diarrhea or dehydration.
4, sustained high fever disease eventually led to the human body's ability to decrease defense, so not only is not conducive to the resumption of the disease, but increased the risk of infection secondary to the other.
Understanding of the heat of the adverse effects in children, on the one hand, parents can know that high fever in children at the same time in which abnormal performance, on the other hand, may be the basis of these performance with appropriate care, and do not panic. In addition, during fever in children, parents of children in carefully measured the temperature at the same time, should examine the patient's face is pale, breathing is faster, with or without nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, changes in the availability of mind, and whether or not the occurrence of convulsions If such a situation should immediately go to hospital for treatment.
But the heat on the human body there are certain hazards. If the high fever continued for too long can the human body organs, tissues of the regulatory function of disorders, thereby endangering the health of children. Fever adverse effects on the human body, mainly in the following areas:
Fever so that ingestion of a variety of human nutrient metabolism in the body increased, and by fast, thereby greatly increasing the body's oxygen consumption, increase the body's organs work load, can lead to serious organ failure.
1, of fever, the human body produce too much heat, heat the body must be accelerated in order to adjust the temperature as much as possible, thus leading to faster heart rate, increase the burden on the heart.
2, high fever so the cerebral cortex may also be over-excited children can be manifested as irritability, headache, or convulsions; cerebral cortex may also be caused by a high degree of inhibition, manifested as delirium, drowsiness, coma and so on. Infants and young children become more prominent, and the majority of infants and young children when heat trance mind, there are some emerging high fever in infants with febrile convulsion. High fever and convulsion may be the brain development of infants and young children have an adverse effect.
3, high fever can also affect human digestion. Sometimes slow gastrointestinal movement, patients loss of appetite, abdominal distension, constipation; sometimes the gastrointestinal tract movement enhancement, the patient suffered from diarrhea or dehydration.
4, sustained high fever disease eventually led to the human body's ability to decrease defense, so not only is not conducive to the resumption of the disease, but increased the risk of infection secondary to the other.
Understanding of the heat of the adverse effects in children, on the one hand, parents can know that high fever in children at the same time in which abnormal performance, on the other hand, may be the basis of these performance with appropriate care, and do not panic. In addition, during fever in children, parents of children in carefully measured the temperature at the same time, should examine the patient's face is pale, breathing is faster, with or without nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, changes in the availability of mind, and whether or not the occurrence of convulsions If such a situation should immediately go to hospital for treatment.
Culprit ear - otitis media
AcuteLaryngitisBaby acute laryngitis, commonly known as "lock Houfengsan." Usually caused by a virus or bacterial infection, often occur in the cold after. Most vulnerable to acute laryngitis is 6 months to 4 years old baby. Baby the incidence of acute laryngitis high incidence of acute, but the disease developed rapidly, it has a certain risk of being classified as one of the emergency.
Distinguish laryngitisHoarse voice and crying babies, coughing sound very special, like puppies, like the sound of coughing. This is due to coughing, the air flow through the narrow look of the throat caused by edema, baby voice thick with the difference between an ordinary cough easily."Three concave disease": When in a serious condition, the baby nose will appear Xi hypoxic animals and face and lips cyanosis, inspiratory bone on the town of Waterloo, Waterloo, and the sternum handle significant depression on the abdomen, known as the "three concave disease" .Difficulty breathing: breathing difficulties occur when your baby may be accompanied by cyanosis, irritability, pale. By shortness of breath, slow becomes fast and superficial.Fever: the incidence during the baby will be the situation of varying degrees of heat.
Incidence of acute laryngitis baby acute, severe, serious and even life threatening, so we should do a good job in the prevention of possible disruptions.Attention to warm cold: cold baby, the mother should always pay attention to warm your baby's cold, it is necessary to increase or decrease in time to baby clothes, blankets covered the night to prevent the baby cold.Good eating habits: the baby is usually a cold little appetite, so pay attention to nutritional balance, we should add points to the baby light some baby food or favorite fruits and vegetables, fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A and vitamin C, may enhance the respiratory tract immunity.Timely medical treatment: parents if baby hoarse voice suddenly cold serious, do not take it lightly, as soon as possible with your baby should look at ENT hospital. If there has been no improvement in cold symptoms, they must immediately go to the hospital to undergo an examination.
Home careAcute illness due to acute laryngitis weight, in the active treatment, the mother must also take appropriate care. Acute laryngitis of home care should pay attention to the following points:Hormone therapy: some mothers have a very tight word hormone, in fact, totally unnecessary. General acute laryngitis with estrogen only 3 to 5 days, and the amount, but a significant and fast. Mother can be, under the guidance of a doctor for your baby to use, to avoid the illness, delaying treatment. Of course, the use of hormones or to carry out under the guidance of a doctor.Rest: Let your baby to rest and minimize activities in order to reduce the oxygen consumption.Eat more fruits: eat pears appropriate, raw carrots, plum and other fruits, nuts, in order to enhance the maintenance of the role of the throat.The use of voice: as far as possible not to let the baby cry loudly. In nursing babies when their emotional stability, to avoid crying irritability and to prevent breathing problems worse.Light diet: to avoid irritation to the baby to eat food, may be liquid or semi-liquid into the food easy to digest. In addition to the baby more water, if necessary, can be carried out under a doctor-assisted infusion.Temperature and humidity suitable for: indoor air should be fresh, the temperature should be 18 ℃ ~ 20 ℃, humidity should be maintained at 60% ~ 70%. During sleep, but also to avoid the wind blowing convection.
AcuteOtitis mediaChildren with acute otitis media is common in spring of acute disease. It is the middle ear mucosa, acute inflammation of the periosteum as well as the most common complications of influenza. If you have a cold period of purulent nasal openings through the eustachian tube into the middle ear cavity, there will always be in the middle ear can cause infection, resulting in the occurrence of acute otitis media.
Distinguish otitisHearing loss: early onset, have a baby ear plug feeling, hearing decreased to different extents. Baby voice performance to stimulate the same reaction as before or there is no other baby has been sensitive.Suppurative: Under normal circumstances, the media has developed to a certain stage of disease, can be perforated eardrum, external ear canal can be seen babies with yellow, white or containing pus blood outflow.Pain: usually refuses to eat baby, crying, do not want to fall asleep. This is because the sucking and swallowing movements will be the site of infection oppression, so that babies feel pain. In addition the prone position would aggravate the pain and uncomfortable feeling.Fever: often associated with otitis media with sudden fever, and sometimes baby body temperature will rise to 37.8 ℃ ~ 40 ℃.
Prevention TipsIf your baby recurrent acute otitis media may affect the hearing would lead to serious hearing loss, so prevention is the right to resist the fundamental approach to acute otitis media. The prevention of acute otitis media should pay attention to the following points:Maintain oral health: a cold baby more nasal secretions, the first side of nose blowing, and then the other side of blowing your nose, and bacteria to prevent the nose by the Eustachian tube into the middle ear. In addition there is no healing in the tympanic membrane before the sewage into the canal should be avoided, it is not appropriate for swimming.To strengthen the air moist: Air-drying can also lead to inflammation of the ear dry and even, especially in the winter cold and dry. Night in the baby's mother can use the spray humidifier room, but also make your baby's respiratory cold smooth and timely.Increase physical activity: even if the baby had a cold, your baby should also be multi-band to outdoor activities, to enhance the body's resistance and ability to adapt to climate change. But at the same time pay attention to the prevention of respiratory tract infections, to prevent bacteria entering the middle ear by the Eustachian tube, causing otitis media baby.Keep clean the ear canal: to prevent water entering the ear. Particularly in the baby to the cold bath, not only to keep warm, but also care of your baby's ear canal will flow. When the water when the baby's head may be biased towards the inlet side of the ears, plug our ears with the palm of your hand tight crossing, and then suddenly open water leads in hand, and finally gently wiped away with sterile cotton ear.
Home careWeak physical baby when cold, if the care shall not be treated, it could have serious consequences, such as will turn into a chronic suppurative otitis media, so that your baby have a hearing impairment, such as with the language barrier. Therefore, acute otitis media for babies, nursing is the key.Compliance with medication, medication on time: the baby suffering from acute otitis media, antibiotics should be applied in accordance with the doctor's advice, it is best used for 1 week, there can be high fever with antipyretics, as appropriate, at the same time.Kept clean: to keep the ear clean and timely discharge cleaning of the external auditory canal, ear drops with a variety of anti-inflammatory medicine. Ear wash medicine is generally 3% hydrogen peroxide solution.Ear health: When your baby for a long time cerumen can be a sterile cotton swab lightly, if the formation of thrombosis, should be out trying to go to the hospital. Mothers must not use matches, card issuers, such as fingernails out on their own ears to the baby.TIPSNote that suppuration, the performance of the disappearance of pain, otitis media does not mean that the baby has been good, we must have to wait for the full restoration of hearing is to be recovered. The continued development of acute otitis media, may develop into secretory otitis media, secretory otitis media is one of the main reasons baby-induced deafness and its incidence has recently been on the rise.
Distinguish laryngitisHoarse voice and crying babies, coughing sound very special, like puppies, like the sound of coughing. This is due to coughing, the air flow through the narrow look of the throat caused by edema, baby voice thick with the difference between an ordinary cough easily."Three concave disease": When in a serious condition, the baby nose will appear Xi hypoxic animals and face and lips cyanosis, inspiratory bone on the town of Waterloo, Waterloo, and the sternum handle significant depression on the abdomen, known as the "three concave disease" .Difficulty breathing: breathing difficulties occur when your baby may be accompanied by cyanosis, irritability, pale. By shortness of breath, slow becomes fast and superficial.Fever: the incidence during the baby will be the situation of varying degrees of heat.
Incidence of acute laryngitis baby acute, severe, serious and even life threatening, so we should do a good job in the prevention of possible disruptions.Attention to warm cold: cold baby, the mother should always pay attention to warm your baby's cold, it is necessary to increase or decrease in time to baby clothes, blankets covered the night to prevent the baby cold.Good eating habits: the baby is usually a cold little appetite, so pay attention to nutritional balance, we should add points to the baby light some baby food or favorite fruits and vegetables, fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A and vitamin C, may enhance the respiratory tract immunity.Timely medical treatment: parents if baby hoarse voice suddenly cold serious, do not take it lightly, as soon as possible with your baby should look at ENT hospital. If there has been no improvement in cold symptoms, they must immediately go to the hospital to undergo an examination.
Home careAcute illness due to acute laryngitis weight, in the active treatment, the mother must also take appropriate care. Acute laryngitis of home care should pay attention to the following points:Hormone therapy: some mothers have a very tight word hormone, in fact, totally unnecessary. General acute laryngitis with estrogen only 3 to 5 days, and the amount, but a significant and fast. Mother can be, under the guidance of a doctor for your baby to use, to avoid the illness, delaying treatment. Of course, the use of hormones or to carry out under the guidance of a doctor.Rest: Let your baby to rest and minimize activities in order to reduce the oxygen consumption.Eat more fruits: eat pears appropriate, raw carrots, plum and other fruits, nuts, in order to enhance the maintenance of the role of the throat.The use of voice: as far as possible not to let the baby cry loudly. In nursing babies when their emotional stability, to avoid crying irritability and to prevent breathing problems worse.Light diet: to avoid irritation to the baby to eat food, may be liquid or semi-liquid into the food easy to digest. In addition to the baby more water, if necessary, can be carried out under a doctor-assisted infusion.Temperature and humidity suitable for: indoor air should be fresh, the temperature should be 18 ℃ ~ 20 ℃, humidity should be maintained at 60% ~ 70%. During sleep, but also to avoid the wind blowing convection.
AcuteOtitis mediaChildren with acute otitis media is common in spring of acute disease. It is the middle ear mucosa, acute inflammation of the periosteum as well as the most common complications of influenza. If you have a cold period of purulent nasal openings through the eustachian tube into the middle ear cavity, there will always be in the middle ear can cause infection, resulting in the occurrence of acute otitis media.
Distinguish otitisHearing loss: early onset, have a baby ear plug feeling, hearing decreased to different extents. Baby voice performance to stimulate the same reaction as before or there is no other baby has been sensitive.Suppurative: Under normal circumstances, the media has developed to a certain stage of disease, can be perforated eardrum, external ear canal can be seen babies with yellow, white or containing pus blood outflow.Pain: usually refuses to eat baby, crying, do not want to fall asleep. This is because the sucking and swallowing movements will be the site of infection oppression, so that babies feel pain. In addition the prone position would aggravate the pain and uncomfortable feeling.Fever: often associated with otitis media with sudden fever, and sometimes baby body temperature will rise to 37.8 ℃ ~ 40 ℃.
Prevention TipsIf your baby recurrent acute otitis media may affect the hearing would lead to serious hearing loss, so prevention is the right to resist the fundamental approach to acute otitis media. The prevention of acute otitis media should pay attention to the following points:Maintain oral health: a cold baby more nasal secretions, the first side of nose blowing, and then the other side of blowing your nose, and bacteria to prevent the nose by the Eustachian tube into the middle ear. In addition there is no healing in the tympanic membrane before the sewage into the canal should be avoided, it is not appropriate for swimming.To strengthen the air moist: Air-drying can also lead to inflammation of the ear dry and even, especially in the winter cold and dry. Night in the baby's mother can use the spray humidifier room, but also make your baby's respiratory cold smooth and timely.Increase physical activity: even if the baby had a cold, your baby should also be multi-band to outdoor activities, to enhance the body's resistance and ability to adapt to climate change. But at the same time pay attention to the prevention of respiratory tract infections, to prevent bacteria entering the middle ear by the Eustachian tube, causing otitis media baby.Keep clean the ear canal: to prevent water entering the ear. Particularly in the baby to the cold bath, not only to keep warm, but also care of your baby's ear canal will flow. When the water when the baby's head may be biased towards the inlet side of the ears, plug our ears with the palm of your hand tight crossing, and then suddenly open water leads in hand, and finally gently wiped away with sterile cotton ear.
Home careWeak physical baby when cold, if the care shall not be treated, it could have serious consequences, such as will turn into a chronic suppurative otitis media, so that your baby have a hearing impairment, such as with the language barrier. Therefore, acute otitis media for babies, nursing is the key.Compliance with medication, medication on time: the baby suffering from acute otitis media, antibiotics should be applied in accordance with the doctor's advice, it is best used for 1 week, there can be high fever with antipyretics, as appropriate, at the same time.Kept clean: to keep the ear clean and timely discharge cleaning of the external auditory canal, ear drops with a variety of anti-inflammatory medicine. Ear wash medicine is generally 3% hydrogen peroxide solution.Ear health: When your baby for a long time cerumen can be a sterile cotton swab lightly, if the formation of thrombosis, should be out trying to go to the hospital. Mothers must not use matches, card issuers, such as fingernails out on their own ears to the baby.TIPSNote that suppuration, the performance of the disappearance of pain, otitis media does not mean that the baby has been good, we must have to wait for the full restoration of hearing is to be recovered. The continued development of acute otitis media, may develop into secretory otitis media, secretory otitis media is one of the main reasons baby-induced deafness and its incidence has recently been on the rise.
Wednesday, July 22, 2009
The causes of eczema in children and treatment of
Children with eczema, the complexity of its causes is a hereditary allergy to certain environmental factors in allergic reactions. The skin is not healthy development of infants, the most outer layer of thin skin, a rich capillary network, endothelial rich moisture and chloride, so prone to allergic reactions.
Eczema induced by many reasons, mainly:
(1) of sheep milk, beef and mutton, fish, shrimp, eggs and other food allergy;
(2) over-feeding due to indigestion;
(3) too much sugar, resulting in abnormal intestinal fermentation;
(4) intestinal parasites;
(5) of such lights;
(6) soap, cosmetics, fine fur fibers, pollen, paint stimulation;
(7) exposure to allergens milk line factors or eating certain foods, the impact of the baby through breast milk;
(8) also has a genetic tendency to eczema.
Eczema in children born more than a month or so after the emergence of Health as early as 1 ~ 2 weeks after the rash that mainly occurred in the two cheek, and lower the amount of the Ministry of severe chest and upper arm may be involved. The beginning of skin redness, there are needle-sized red papules may appear vesicular, pustular, small erosion surface, humidity, fluid, and the formation of callus skin, callus, after falling below the erosion surface, as erythema after healing. About a few weeks to a few months later began to subside edema erythema, erosion surface disappeared, the skin dry, thin crust or a little fish-like dander.
Category:
Exudative eczema: type of fat commonly found in infants, early in the cheeks, the occurrence of erythema, papules, Qiu herpes, itch scratch due to drama and to show how the amount of red fluid surface erosion. In severe cases, involving the entire face to even the whole body.
Dry eczema: the baby was particularly prevalent in the thin and weak. Occur in the scalp, glabella, such as parts for flushing performance, scaling, papules, but no significant effusion. Showed chronic infiltration may be mild hypertrophy, there are chapped, scratch or colorectal blood scab. Often paroxysmal severe itching caused by the baby crying and sleep disturbed.
Eczema treatment
I. To prescribe the right remedy we must first find the cause, the best source to find out the child's allergy, it is recommended to maintain the indoor humid, carefully repeated one by one to find the source of allergic
Know that the best source of allergies is the exclusive method: In addition to milk powder and rice flour, egg yolk should be added carefully; In addition to the above, the same increase as other complementary, each time from less to more than 4,5 to eat everything days, eat vegetables and fruits, and every week do not eat fat, eat a new, so if there is a fat, eating and immediately know what is! Such things stopped for a week or two, try again. )
Second, look for external causes of eczema cause and correct
1) should pay attention to food allergies, such as barley type, mushroom type, type of peanut, milk and is a serious source of allergy, most people pay no attention to.
2) If a large number of food allergy mom food source (such as milk, eggs, peanuts, mushrooms, etc.) may also be allergic children.
Therefore breast-feeding mothers diet, seafood, soy products, peanuts, melon seeds, milk, animal liver, spicy things do not eat as much as possible; deprivation eggs (or eat egg yolk); Cook milk to drink (the most good boil 2 to remove allergens); other types of eating Anabaena; multi-eat foods containing vegetable oils rich in (due to unsaturated fatty acids reach the baby through the milk of the body, prevents increased capillary fragility and permeability, and This is the pathological basis of infantile eczema); such as eating milk powder, brand change; as it has been complementary, in principle, with the mother.
3) according to Chinese medicine, the allergic children are too high because the body protein content, when severe eczema attack, stop all milk and meat foods, drink plenty of water and fruit a lot more than what James are strong medicine.
4) care should be taken to avoid adverse external stimulation. Non-cotton products, non-neutral laundry agents, over-heated bath, hard or too loose clothing friction, especially in dry air, will cause the recurrent eczema in children.
Access to all the baby with cotton textile products, to avoid hair type, chemical fiber fabrics encountered type of baby face, regular wash clothing, the sun when the sun drying out. Other people take care of your baby's clothing should also pay attention to.
Some mothers use the results of gas-tight in the breast milk pad when wet breasts stimulate a child's face caused by the incidence on. Gauze pad to switch to milk, breast-feeding is good attention to the skin like a lot of isolation.
Use boiled water to clean, avoid contact with raw water. Do not contact eczema over the site of water, less time washing detergent, liquid soap dispensers do not use alkaline. But it can not wash, clean, on the one hand, on the one hand disinfection, skin care not to spread like, the vegetable oil can be disinfected (such as olive oil) or paraffin oil cloth.
Often out of good weather appropriate sun, ultraviolet disinfection is the best weapon. Room ventilation to keep baby dry, the attention of indoor sanitation, indoor temperature and humidity to master.
5) have eczema is not caused by damp, but wet eczema can push heavier. Bath to the child or children after sweating, rash will become more apparent.
6) vaccination is strongly recommended that the suspension, the baby had eczema, in particular, are so heavy, is generally allergy vaccination after the danger of a serious allergic reaction, and the other better inactivated vaccines, said live attenuated vaccine for babies is too dangerous, vulnerable to the infection site resulted in skin lesions.
7) keep your baby clean hands often to help your baby fingernail scissors. To avoid arrest, so as to avoid infection, eczema is very itchy, your baby will often catch, grasp the skin can cause bacterial infection.
Small children can also make gloves, set in hand. Pay attention to when doing cloth gloves, gloves must not be left behind inside the first wiring to avoid head around in the fingers, finger blood circulation caused by obstacles caused by avascular necrosis of the fingers.
Incentive for neonatal red buttocks
Your baby's hips have a long bright red erythema, medically known as "diaper dermatitis." Characterized by erythema and normal skin of the edge of clear boundaries, how long the site of contact with the diaper, can be re-occurrence of pimples, blisters, erosion, such as bacterial infection, but also have impetigo, septic moss. This is the case, then known as non-governmental "red ass." Its occurrence and of the following reasons:
(1) diaper did not rinse the soap to clean and stimulate the skin caused by the response.
(2) dirty diapers were not promptly replaced, stool or urine bacteria break down urea to produce ammonia. Ammonia is an alkaline substance, there are a lot of skin irritation.
(3) infant diarrhea, the stool of the acid contained in the quality of the skin irritation can also be induced by diaper dermatitis.
(4) mycotic dermatitis caused by mold.
How to prevent neonatal diaper dermatitis?
Methods of prevention are: to keep changing diapers, diapers of some soft material applications, colorless, highly hygroscopic cotton. When washing diapers must wash with soap or detergent, preferably boiled, diapers can be washed and then dried in the sun in winter can be dry or rainy days. In the pad diaper bag when not to use plastic sheeting to avoid bad air diaper dermatitis prone. Plastic mat can only shop in bed. At the same time, the children use water to wash after a bowel movement the hips, gently touch dry, apply powder to maintain dry. Mild weather and the children do not have disease, they can appropriate their buttocks exposed to the air, every day about 1 to 2 hours, so that the hips remain dry, but also to prevent the occurrence of diaper dermatitis.
Dirty baby diapers, what disease risk?
Dirty diapers, infant diaper dermatitis caused easily. Diaper dermatitis is sprinkled with urine and the baby's failure to make timely replacement of diapers, or used in dirty diapers, resulting in the baby's buttocks impregnated by urine stimulation, there erythema, papules, blisters, skin lesions, such as the phenomenon of fluid erosion.
The baby's waste there is a bacteria that can speed up decomposition of urea in urine ammonia categories, to stimulate the skin and produce dermatitis. Some mothers in the diaper bag and then the outside layer of plastic sheeting, plastic sheeting is not due to ventilation and easier to encourage the occurrence of diaper dermatitis. If the diaper hard rough texture can also cause dermatitis.
In order to prevent diaper dermatitis, diaper baby should choose soft cotton texture fabric, washing diapers must be rinsed clean, not in the diaper bag outside the plastic sheeting. The importance of keeping a clean hip infant, in addition to the regular replacement of disposable diapers, if found to have stool, that is, wash the skin with warm water, sprinkle talcum powder after drying.
How not to pull the newborn tried to do
The reasons for infant constipation are: 1, artificial feeding: the milk contained in the soap by the digestion of calcium are more easily cause dry stool, constipation so. 2, less than milk: If infants eat less, more or vomiting, or rehydration of children eat can lead to temporary non-stool. In addition, the muscular development of the digestive tract of newborns is not yet complete, so easy to cause constipation, can also be accompanied by vomiting milk.
Ways to alleviate constipation:
1, small infants in the treatment of constipation: breast-feeding as much as possible, because breast-feeding infants less the possibility of constipation. If there is constipation, can be fed to help digestion and other drugs such as MAMIAI.
2, duly abdominal massage: Massage the left lower abdomen, if the cord-like touch, top-down and massage gently to downlink from stool.
3, appropriate pediatric anus massage: This can lead to physiological reflex, and promote defecation.
4, artificial Tongbian: use of paraffin oil, Kai Sai Lu, small soap, etc. At the same time training purge bowel habits (limited to the use of severe constipation).
5, Chinese medicine treatment: clearing away heat and toxic, Runchang can purge the proper use of Chinese medicine (which requires a doctor's guidance).
Note: not a few days of neonatal stool constipation is not necessarilyMechanism as a result of solution of the newborn will not mature, it is not possible solution would be from time to time, often more than the plot stool, rectum to feel the expansion of nerve pressure caused a reflex of the solution, that is, some babies stool a few days before the reasons for a solution, stimulation with a thermometer, it can lead to reflection, so it can also be its solution. Therefore, the newborn may not necessarily be a few days does not stool constipation, constipation determine whether the newborn is to observe the traits of stool, if the characters of normal, a few days do not have normal bowel movement.> 互换
How to make your baby do not daydream!
Daydream little children, 4 of the most critical points:
1, the day he was too excited not to allow, in particular, one hour before going to bed, do not let him watch television tense, do not play violent games, not critical at this time of education, so he left a strong impression, so much so that in the cerebral cortex focus on the formation of excited;
2, to improve sleep quality, sleep outside the strictly controlled environment, such as temperature, brightness, noise, humidity, etc.;
3, sleeping from time to time with loved ones, say one or two small insignificant stories, the transfer of his attention;
4, the children wake-up call that not daydream, he gently patted can to comfort him. Not to mention the next day is also a matter for the night.
Believe that over time he will change.
1, the day he was too excited not to allow, in particular, one hour before going to bed, do not let him watch television tense, do not play violent games, not critical at this time of education, so he left a strong impression, so much so that in the cerebral cortex focus on the formation of excited;
2, to improve sleep quality, sleep outside the strictly controlled environment, such as temperature, brightness, noise, humidity, etc.;
3, sleeping from time to time with loved ones, say one or two small insignificant stories, the transfer of his attention;
4, the children wake-up call that not daydream, he gently patted can to comfort him. Not to mention the next day is also a matter for the night.
Believe that over time he will change.
Do not have to use a pillow newborn baby
New baby Readme
I am a newborn baby, although I can not speak, do not walk, can not communicate with her mother, but I also requested the quality of life. Sometimes the mother's negligence, will allow me very uncomfortable, and they may even hurt my delicate body. Take sleep for example, my mother likes to give me a nice little cushion pillows, it will feel that I sleep very soundly, in fact, that it was simply unnecessary, I really hate this thing. Well above my pillow hard for me to breathe and sometimes not very smooth ... ...
I am a newborn baby, although I can not speak, do not walk, can not communicate with her mother, but I also requested the quality of life. Sometimes the mother's negligence, will allow me very uncomfortable, and they may even hurt my delicate body. Take sleep for example, my mother likes to give me a nice little cushion pillows, it will feel that I sleep very soundly, in fact, that it was simply unnecessary, I really hate this thing. Well above my pillow hard for me to breathe and sometimes not very smooth ... ...
Do not have to use a pillow newborn baby
Pillows are used to support the cervical spine and neck muscle relaxation. As adults or whether it is lying lateral neck are left, therefore, must use a pillow. However, the newborn baby's spine is straight, back and back of the head when lying on a horizontal surface, and the baby's head in particular, and almost shoulder width, and no discomfort when the side. If at this time a high pillow pillow will make your baby's neck and neck in the pre-bending state of the throat and respiratory tract and trachea is located just before the neck, bending over as if the piece of rubber hose will bend diameter of the Department of Respiratory change stenosis, an increase of flow resistance when breathing, so breathe easy. In addition, pharyngeal narrowing may affect breathing. Baby neck when bending over, even if not in order to breathe and unable to struggle a little time for a long time, exhausted the power of breathing, you can not breathe and lead to suffocation, dangerous.
Application of the special circumstances of several pillows
Newborn baby's swallowing reflex have yet to develop fully, and some baby stomach near the upper part of esophageal muscle development is not complete without the pillow easy to vomiting, but also easy to sleep the first flat-shaped, may be appropriate to use a small pillow.
During the winter, wearing a thick layer of baby clothes, if the mattress and soft, flat look to his head low, take a small pillow.
How to choose the right pillow
Pillow of length, width, height: the length of your baby's pillow should be equal to the width of shoulders better; width equal the width of your baby's shoulders; to 1 cm, whichever is high.
Pillow: determines the texture of the pillow. Pillows perfect, so easy to sleep after the neck muscle fatigue, resulting in "Stiff Neck," and your baby's soft skull, and skull fontanelle ductus crack, but with a hard pillow or deformation caused by the size of the skull face, the impact of aesthetic appearance. However, the pillows too soft and not very well support the cervical, and head and face Moreover, as a result of the contact surface is too large, is not conducive to the blood circulation, poor ventilation, and even affect the breathing. Pillow to do the best by their own mothers, common buckwheat Paper, rapeseed, chrysanthemum, millet seeds, dried tea leaves do Pillow, affordable hardware and software of these materials, moisture absorption and permeability are good, can not be flannel , cotton, etc. Pillow down, as too soft, and contains mites, dust, easy to cause allergic baby.
Pillowslip: The best choice of soft, cotton cloth, will not cause discomfort or allergic baby. If some do not wear clothes made of cotton pillowcases, it is very safe and environmentally friendly.
Attention with a few pillows
The baby should be horizontal mattress pillow under the neck to the shoulder, so that baby could have been avoided by the oppression of the respiratory tract.
Vomiting baby easily, so washing pillowcases often, and should be more than ready.
Pillow is not the general cleaning, the need for regular laundry, 1st week. Song of a song often Pillow filling and maintaining the soft degrees Pillow, Pillow once every six months to replace.
The importance of an independent baby to sleep
The children are often deprived of sleep for the parents, the children wake up 15:00 minutes to ask their parents to talk about the story, but it is just a normal thing between parent-child thing. However, scientists have begun to sound the alarm, which used to herald the future children may have sleep problems.
Published in the American Psychiatric Association children and young people on a monthly magazine article reported that, in the 1-year-old can not appease their children to fall asleep to 3 years of age are more likely to wake up at night and asked others to help him fall asleep again. University of California at Davis of Erika E. Gaylor and his colleagues believe that the child toddler can not sleep from their 1-year-old woke up at night to be threatened acts. Researchers noted that those who need to appease the parents of children sleep on the bed and then the child can not learn to wake up at night to sleep and then their own. On the other hand, those who usually awake in bed when he was on the children's children can learn their own sleep, woke up the next night to fall asleep easily again.
Prior to this research has found that the baby's sleep problems will continue into early childhood, including Australia, Israel and the United States, many industrialized countries, an estimated 28% to 35% of children have such problems. At that time, but researchers do not know what factors in the end sleep problems can herald the emergence and persistence.
For the conduct of the investigation, the researchers recorded the video with 33 12-month-old baby sleep for two nights, the observation of them at the beginning is how to fall asleep and wake up at night when sleep will not be re-. Such as child reaches 24 months and 57 months, the researchers have to their parents to investigate the sleep habits of children present. Finally, the researchers concluded that those in need of shaking, feeding or other means to help pacify the child to fall asleep, most likely that there will in future sleep problems.
Tuesday, July 21, 2009
What clever performance of neonatal
Core Tip: at birth, the newborn may be smarter than other children more alertness. Some children will be able to own from the start, head up a moment, as if to look around for life to have a strong sense of curiosity ... ...
A feeling of sharp, responsive and often very clever baby. You have him, you will feel this. If he appears to have avoided something, it shows that he can distinguish between what is so happy he was and what not, this is the beginning of mental activity. Infant more sensitive, but also the easier it will be met.
The sooner the children laugh, the greater the possibility of smart. Although this is not a completely reliable indication, it is a symbol. Very early babies laugh often become a smart and lively children.
Very clever children at birth are often bigger, heavier, but not entirely so.
The reason is: a big healthy baby is more likely to be pregnant by the good nutrition and health care of the mother. The mothers at home are also more likely to give their children the best education to help, which in subsequent intelligence tests will show. Heavier in the life of the baby may also have psychological advantages, have better physical fitness, and thus have reason to more happy than other children. For example, they can each eat more food, and therefore do not need frequent feeding, can focus turned more intellectual activities. In addition, busy parents do not have children due to feeding and cleaning, we can provide more useful to stimulate the children, have more time to exchange with their children. Therefore, from birth, children with less than a heavier, more attractive children may find themselves in an unpleasant, emotional support of the world, will be used in many ways the original good luck.
Newborn found the rate of growth of different abilities are different. Although the ability to have some relevance, but according to one or two have the ability to detect the development to determine the development of other capabilities is difficult to do. Infant physical development of certain skills to their conditions, some with experience, and some are associated with both. Smart kids trying to determine the early signs to him as a complete person.
In short, smart children in all aspects of development ahead of, the help of their parents, they are likely to maintain this advantage.
Infant vision care from the beginning
In recent years, children, youth, more and more short-sighted. Experts say ,0-6-year-old children and the critical period of visual development. It can be said that infants and young children during the eye development, the child's life have a decisive impact. Therefore, vision care, infants and young children should be started. The key is to enable children from a young age to develop good habits of vision care. 1. More in touch with nature. Looking for things in the course of movement, able to quickly adjust vision, transform the focal length of the visual development of a lot of good.
2. To avoid too early to teach children literacy, early childhood training to do the right comic gesture, writing, drawing and so on. Children to buy books, buy the printing clear, sharp illustrations, fonts bigger, so that children do not feel it hard to read. The distance between the eyes with the painting to around 35 centimeters.
3. Do not use eye a long time. To avoid eyestrain, kids do not read too long a time. Each about 20 minutes, rest a few minutes in order to alleviate the burden on the eyes. The so-called rest, that is, do not see small things close, or looked at the outdoor distance.
4. The light to be sufficient, but not to read and write under the direct sun. Will be too light to stimulate the eyes, too weak are not clear, it is bound to or from the recent book, this time a long time will result in the development of long axis to form a short-sighted.
5. To tell the children not to walk when the car reading, not lying down reading.
6. To control the time watching television. 1-2 year-olds in general each time watching television should be controlled within 20-30 minutes, more than 3-year-old children are best not more than 1 hours. To maintain distance from 1.5-2 m, the brightness of the screen too hard.
7. In the diet of children should be allowed to eat sweets, eat more vitamin A, B1, B2, C and E in food. Common vitamin-rich foods are eggs, milk, fish, meat, liver and fresh vegetables, fruits. In addition, some zinc, copper, iron, magnesium, selenium and other trace elements are closely related with the eye tissue.
8. Monitoring the situation of visual development. Visual monitoring of children, in particular, were two of the visual inspection in order to detect abnormal vision, it is best to do every 3-6 months, a visual inspection. If strabismus, depending on the material Waitoushan, squinting or paste, such as very recent phenomenon, due early hospitals for ophthalmic examination.
Period in infants and young children should also be noted that visual training on children.
Two months from birth onwards, children will be able to follow close to the eye and rotate objects, parents can take a number of brightly colored toys allow children to see, and slowly the child will be a little farther away from the toys, which children's development vision is useful .
Children can be slightly larger vision outdoor training with language training at the same time, such as talking while the kids hide and seek edge, six-way hearing children Happo eyes, more sensitive to visual acuity. To be 2-3 years old so that they look at a variety of pictures with color, first to see a single color map, color lines and then look at maps, to further look at the map more complex. The next is to practice tracing and painting. Also allows children to play with color sets of toys, from the difference between the feelings of a variety of colors. After the 2,3-year-old baby can slide, color projection, animation and other dynamic color contrast between the images for training, from less to more, step-by-step
Neonatal growth standards
Just-born baby is the first large, long, short limbs, a bit too slow, sleep and more rapid breathing and heartbeat, signs of its growth and development of a variety of normal levels are as follows:
(1) body weight is a reflection of the level of neonatal an important indicator of development, at birth the average body ~ 3000 grams, normal Fan ~ 2500 ~ 4000 grams. (2) length of neonatal bone length is a reflection of an important indicator of development level, the average birth length of 50 cm, accounting for the first long length of 1 / 4.
(3) neonatal body temperature regulation and development center is still not perfect, temperature instability. In vitro from the mother to the newborn, drop in body temperature are generally around 2 ℃, 12 ~ 24 hours a gradual pick-up and stable in 36 ℃ ~ 37 ℃.
(4) vital capacity breathing of newborns small, less oxygen, far from being able to meet their metabolic needs, breathing only through the number of speeding up to meet the shortfall. Normal neonatal breathing 35 per minute to 45 times, crying at up to 60 times / min. As the respiratory center is not perfect, the performance of new-born babies for fast shallow breathing, uneven.
(5) neonatal heart not the law of the pulse, while slow, while fast, the general average of 120 times / min, the fastest up to 140 times / min.
(6), head circumference and head circumference chest for the general 3l ~ 35 cm, head circumference chest circumference less than about 1 cm. If the head circumference than the chest too much, may be microcephaly; head circumference than the large chest too much, may be hydrocephalus.
(1) body weight is a reflection of the level of neonatal an important indicator of development, at birth the average body ~ 3000 grams, normal Fan ~ 2500 ~ 4000 grams. (2) length of neonatal bone length is a reflection of an important indicator of development level, the average birth length of 50 cm, accounting for the first long length of 1 / 4.
(3) neonatal body temperature regulation and development center is still not perfect, temperature instability. In vitro from the mother to the newborn, drop in body temperature are generally around 2 ℃, 12 ~ 24 hours a gradual pick-up and stable in 36 ℃ ~ 37 ℃.
(4) vital capacity breathing of newborns small, less oxygen, far from being able to meet their metabolic needs, breathing only through the number of speeding up to meet the shortfall. Normal neonatal breathing 35 per minute to 45 times, crying at up to 60 times / min. As the respiratory center is not perfect, the performance of new-born babies for fast shallow breathing, uneven.
(5) neonatal heart not the law of the pulse, while slow, while fast, the general average of 120 times / min, the fastest up to 140 times / min.
(6), head circumference and head circumference chest for the general 3l ~ 35 cm, head circumference chest circumference less than about 1 cm. If the head circumference than the chest too much, may be microcephaly; head circumference than the large chest too much, may be hydrocephalus.
In addition, the newborn should be observed, such as whether a sucking reflex feeding behavior. And should pay attention to observation of the light, an audible response, with a view to early detection of any congenital anomalies and defects.
Where less than 37 weeks gestational age newborns, birth weight, regardless of their size, are referred to as preterm infants (premature infants). Physical weak premature infants, crying light, irregular breathing, skin and delicate, and the fetal capillary length, less subcutaneous fat, the first relatively large, there is soft hair, nail means soft, plantar hallux roots only 1 ~ 2 Article foot pattern, heel smooth, the lower limbs tension. Premature infants to maintain their body temperature is not easy, to be warm, or to be placed in the warm box. Poor resistance to disease, easy to get sick. Some premature babies do not swallow, feeding difficulties, to be inserted nasogastric tube feeding, therefore, premature babies need special care, and some need hospitalization.
Short stature is the treatment of 3-12 year-old critical period
Growth and development of children can be broadly divided into the rapid growth period, growth slowed down and adolescence growth accelerated phase 3 stage. From the embryo to the 2-year-old for the rapid period of growth. The first year after birth, the fastest growth, may grow 25 cm. 2-year-old from the start to pre-adolescence (about 10-year-old girls, boys about 12 years old) for the slow growth period. Puberty during the first two years, again to speed up the growth of boys in the adolescent growth in height can be 25-28 cm, tall girls can grow 23-25 cm. Parents should pay close attention to changes in the child's height.
Height is an important indicator of growth and development, short stature is the most common endocrine metabolic diseases and nutrition. But most parents do not know is a short illness, but the child attributed the low side in the "late development" and "choosy food eclipse", so missed the best time of treatment.
The six reasons for short stature
1, endocrine short stature: the disease is mainly caused by abnormal secretion of endocrine hormones, including pituitary growth hormone secretion is too small, hypothyroidism, precocious puberty, excessive secretion of adrenal hormones, such as.
2, bone disease and short stature: short stature caused by bone dysplasia, dystrophy, including cartilage, bone formation, such as incomplete.
3, nutrition, metabolic disorders stature: individual suffering from chronic diseases, Nutrition disorders, diabetes insipidus, diabetes and so on.
4, the spirit of social stature: short stature, also known as emotional breaker. Scientists recently pointed out that mental disorders can affect the height.
5, accompanied by small chromosomal abnormalities: chromosomal abnormalities are often associated with performance for the short stature, such as Down syndrome, congenital syndrome, such as ovarian dysgenesis.
6, other reasons for short stature: including familial short stature, idiopathic short stature (ISS), such as constitutional delay of puberty
Standard height of China's young people:
5-year-old boy of not less than 1.01 meters tall, 5-year-old girl no less than 1 m tall; 10-year-old boy of not less than 1.27 meters tall, 10-year-old girl no less than 1.26 meters tall, can not achieve this standard, we are Partial or short stature.
Small children need to do the inspection
1. Skeletal age evaluation; 2. Growth hormone determination; 3. Determination of thyroid hormone; 4. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging; 5. Chromosome examination.
3-12 years old
Annual growth of no less than 4-5 cm
Children 3-12 years of age is the best time to intervene in the growth. During this period with adequate nutrition, sports and reasonable, adequate sleep, as well as disease prevention and control is to promote the growth of the four elements will be missed during this period the best treatment missed period. During this period if the height is not standard, or an annual growth of less than 4-5 cm should be on time.Master is the "initiative"
Ideal height can depend on several factors, first of all, genetic factors accounted for 70 percent, in addition, exercise, nutrition, environmental and social factors may affect the height. It should be noted the following points:
Understanding of the rapid growth period
In early childhood, the height is the fastest growing youth development, the Chinese children, the sudden increase in peak height for girls aged around 12, about 14-year-old boy. This time, parents in particular, attention should be paid to children's nutrition, physical activity issues.
Focus on nutritional supplements
Children want to grow tall and strong, protein, calcium, phosphorus and trace amounts of manganese, iron, magnesium and zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D are essential nutrients, the food supply must be.
At present, the average family in a well-established meat diet, nutrition and should be comprehensive enough. In addition, there are five points to note:
A. does not eclipse their parents set a good example.
b. before the child is not doing a negative assessment of food, such as: "bitter gourd so hard, you can eat?" Offhand remark adults, children of a particular food makes a particular impression of the establishment of the future become an excuse for his refusal to eat.
c. Do not use food as a reward or punishment tool for children.
D. to teach children the concept of a balanced diet. Because many parents have to work, many parents give their children money to buy their own lunch. Some parents want to instill their children the concept of healthy eating, such as: eat less fried, deep-fried things, a balanced food choices, and more changes.
E. to prevent children becoming obese or weight loss diet.
Movement and ultimately, bone growth
Movement itself can promote the secretion of growth hormone, to speed up blood circulation, accelerate the growth of bone tissue, the benefit of the human body long high. Given a certain degree of vertical pressure on bone movements are useful for long high, such as jogging, rope skipping, dancing, playing basketball and playing volleyball. However, excessive weight training such as gymnastics, weightlifting will impede growth, doctors recommended that the best growth stage to avoid.
Concerned about the psychological factors
Excessive pressure will cause the body's endocrine dysfunction, so that lack of growth hormone secretion, growth is therefore limited. In addition, too much pressure would gastrointestinal dysfunction, poor appetite and children not only the absorption capacity will deteriorate, leading to malnutrition in the long run, I would like to grow taller, it would be difficult.
The spirit of the nervous system abnormalities may also affect children's physical growth. If parents divorce, the relationship between children and guardians are not normal, regular cases of abuse or other serious child stimulation, and its growth rate will gradually slow down, so that height in the normal children the same age, same sex is the following standards. Children with short stature would add to the body of inferiority, which is suffered as a result of children with mental and social stimulation, affected the cerebral cortex nerve impulses down the spread of the hypothalamus, thus inhibiting the secretion of pituitary growth hormone. When the children to be treated well, the growth rate of return to normal.
Do not forget the positive control of chronic diseases
On the issue of children and adolescents with chronic diseases should be actively treated. Long-term diseases such as chronic infection, chronic hepatitis, chronic nephritis, asthma, heart disease, anemia may affect the growth and development. Genetic bone diseases such as dysplasia of bone, such as cartilage, bone growth will also be restricted.
Of children should be effective monitoring
Once every six months the amount of height, down a long year if the child less than four centimeters high, parents should have children, please go to the hospital pediatric physician assessment.
To ensure that sleep
Human growth hormone secreted at night during sleep was particularly strong, so you want a long high, as far as possible, before 23 o'clock to go to bed.
Experts advise: the need for professional treatment of short stature
Should seek medical attention to the formal University Hospital Division of Pediatric Endocrinology clinic, after a comprehensive medical specialists and the necessary laboratory examination, after a comprehensive analysis in order to obtain the exact diagnosis and treatment advice.
Can not believe that some health care products indiscriminately advertising, increased health care currently available in the market products of unknown composition, the children will not only fail to improve height, it will promote bone maturation, and ultimately affect the development of the child's height.
Infants most likely to lack of nutrients
That infants and young children are most vulnerable stage of the lack of energy and the following nutrients:
⑴ thermal energy from protein, carbon compounds and lipid metabolism in small to provide. Such as low intake (less than breastfeeding, child care eclipse, being choosy food, snacks, etc.), give rise to inadequate supply of energy, short-term performance is no increase in body weight or slow growth, long-term malnutrition is.
⑵ mainly by protein-protein animal food or milk to provide. If breast-feeding after birth and lack of artificial feeding to red rice or sweet condensed milk into a cereal, such as lack of feeding protein, these babies do not look thin, but weak muscles, slow growth and development, normal health.
⑶ even lack of vitamin D milk is also a lack of vitamin D, breast-feeding to be added in time, while the milk supply to feed those who need even more. After a lack of vitamin D affect bone susceptible to rickets.
⑷ raw iron is one of blood from the mother after the birth of children with access to the storage of iron in the body for 3 to 4 after birth needs months. If after 4 months in time to add iron-rich foods will have the nutritional iron deficiency anemia. Fish, meat, liver, animal blood and to absorb more iron content is high, the iron content of soybean is not low, vitamin C can promote iron absorption, should be appropriate to add to the baby.
⑸ calcium for the bones of the important components. At present, universal adult calcium diet, stage of growth and development in children is on the needs of calcium and more than adults. The calcium content of breast milk was low, but calcium and phosphorus ratio appropriate to the high absorption rate; the calcium content in milk than breast-high, but due to high phosphorus and affect the absorption of calcium. The absorption of calcium depends on the role of vitamin D, lack of vitamin D to absorb calcium to reduce the time. It should be noted that with the calcium in milk can not be taken at the same time, as the two met, will enable the precipitation of milk.
Children "fat period" in which year?
A recent survey conducted epidemiological investigations: in the survey
of 1.6 million children under the age of 7, check out the simple obesity
of children the same age children for more than 20% of standard weight of
189 people, the fat and some are very thin at birth However, 1-5 years
old, as "fermentation" with the same expansion. The survey also found that
5-year-old from the start, the number of obese children increase with age.
5-year-old children may be "expansion phase"
of 1.6 million children under the age of 7, check out the simple obesity
of children the same age children for more than 20% of standard weight of
189 people, the fat and some are very thin at birth However, 1-5 years
old, as "fermentation" with the same expansion. The survey also found that
5-year-old from the start, the number of obese children increase with age.
5-year-old children may be "expansion phase"
Expert analysis, this may be starting from the age of children widened
recipes, food intake increased, but less capable of self-control,
excessive intake of high fat, high fever card food, so that a single
increase of the volume of fat cells. To this end, the medical experts for
the sudden increase in 5-year-old problem of overweight children, the
following preventive measures:
First, food should pay attention to three issues
1, not the child likes and dislikes in order to provide food, to ensure
that their dietary balance;
2, avoid eating too fast and eating too many times;
3, dinner not too much.
Second, exercise is the best way to maintain body
More playing, swimming and other sports, for 10-20 minutes duration,
frequency of more than 3 times a week.
Third, the psychological causes of obesity
Some children as a result of parental separation, the reasons for poor
academic performance have psychological problems, and vent through the
excessive eating and obesity, it should also be concerned about the
child's psychological health.
Monday, July 20, 2009
You will suffer from dental caries of deciduous teeth
As we all know, the teeth will not only chew food, but also help to clear speech and pronunciation. Childhood teeth, chewing through activities to promote the development of facial and jaw growth. If not healthy teeth, not only will add to the burden of gastrointestinal function, but also for the health of the body have a greater impact. Therefore, the protection of the teeth is also an important element in health care.
However, some mothers that have to take off anyway, replaced by permanent teeth deciduous, so the health of deciduous teeth does not attach much importance on. Dental profession tells us that we must do something to protect teeth deciduous teeth, because "sick of deciduous teeth, permanent disadvantage." Deciduous teeth of children during the chewing organs, but also guide the future eruption of permanent teeth, deciduous teeth and the bad for the healthy development of children has a decisive influence. Pathological change even if the permanent teeth of the deciduous teeth, the bite may also result in missing teeth, dental caries and so on.
More than 90% of the world's people suffer from dental diseases, the number of children suffering from dental caries and more particularly. Some kids grow in the front a few months or six months after the teeth began to turn yellow, black. Mainly manifested in the maxillary anterior lip milk face, a broad shallow caries destruction, the so-called "baby bottle caries."
So, how to protect the Health and dental caries of primary teeth is not healthy so strong?
When the deciduous teeth eruption in children often like to bite hard objects such as toys, then care should be more careful so as not to allow sharp and gingival mucosal injury. The majority of children in the teeth when gums have congestive edema, and drooling, and sometimes sleep is also disturbed by fever. In this area and stimulate the eruption of the teeth, on the other hand, with the baby's diet changes, because then they have gradually changed from breast-fed rice gruel ordinary food, the body can not adapt immediately. Therefore, the dentition in infants and young children should pay attention to hygiene, strengthen nursing. Such as after each feeding to feeding water to clean the mouth mucosa and gingiva.
In addition, the addition of complementary importance should be as soon as possible, step by step, from soft to hard from the beginning of four months to add, gradually from the rice, fish, eggs five or six months when the transition to the rotten porridge, meat, vegetables mud, etc. This will make the digestive system to adjust masticatory function can be a timely exercise to stimulate the eruption of teeth. That the majority of deciduous teeth eruption, the child can gradually add to the biscuits, meat, soy products such as hard and tough and resistant to chewing the food, to further promote the development of teeth and jaws.
Deciduous teeth after long Qi, we can help children practice mouthwash. The timing of mouthwash in a few minutes after a meal. Began from the two-year-old church that they should brush their teeth properly. To five or six years old, sooner or later have to brush your teeth every day. Meal at the same time, develop a mouthwash, brushing before going to bed, the habit of eating sweets. In addition, parents should regularly check children's mouth, the timely detection of dental caries, treatment immediately in order to prevent the development of dental caries.
The root cause of dental caries is
More than 90% of the world's people suffer from dental diseases, the number of children suffering from dental caries and more particularly. Many parents thought it was too much sugar cause cavities child was born, in fact, this is only one of the reasons why. Dental caries is the most fundamental reason for calcium deficiency.
Have enough calcium, teeth can be hard to chew food more minor, on the gastrointestinal tract contribute to the further nutrient digestion and absorption. In addition, the more teeth hard, more able to prevent infection itself, that is, to prevent the occurrence of dental caries. Sugar is bad for the teeth to provide a breeding environment for bacteria, so teeth faster so bad that the sugar does not cause the root cause of dental caries, the real cause of the problem is calcium deficiency.
Teeth in children with long-period (long period of deciduous teeth in the belly of her mother four months to 2 years after birth, a long period of permanent teeth is a 1-year-old half-to 14-year-old), each at this stage for a period of time will cause a lack of calcium total length of calcification is not a bad dental teeth, dental caries HEALTH easy for a child's life will bring great pain.
Therefore, the prevention of dental caries, in addition to the church as soon as they brush their teeth the right way to develop a meal mouthwash, brushing before going to bed, the habit of eating sweets, we should also pay attention to your baby enough calcium supplement, it helps bone development, but also help the teeth stronger. Add the proper amount of calcium vitamin D, calcium can accumulate more of the teeth, so that children have a healthy white teeth.
Have enough calcium, teeth can be hard to chew food more minor, on the gastrointestinal tract contribute to the further nutrient digestion and absorption. In addition, the more teeth hard, more able to prevent infection itself, that is, to prevent the occurrence of dental caries. Sugar is bad for the teeth to provide a breeding environment for bacteria, so teeth faster so bad that the sugar does not cause the root cause of dental caries, the real cause of the problem is calcium deficiency.
Teeth in children with long-period (long period of deciduous teeth in the belly of her mother four months to 2 years after birth, a long period of permanent teeth is a 1-year-old half-to 14-year-old), each at this stage for a period of time will cause a lack of calcium total length of calcification is not a bad dental teeth, dental caries HEALTH easy for a child's life will bring great pain.
Therefore, the prevention of dental caries, in addition to the church as soon as they brush their teeth the right way to develop a meal mouthwash, brushing before going to bed, the habit of eating sweets, we should also pay attention to your baby enough calcium supplement, it helps bone development, but also help the teeth stronger. Add the proper amount of calcium vitamin D, calcium can accumulate more of the teeth, so that children have a healthy white teeth.
Urticaria is caused by how
Some people say that urticaria is caused by wind, some said that the swelling on the skin urticaria is food, is easy to eat the food cause allergy-induced. In fact, urticaria caused by many reasons, but also very complicated, most people can not find a clear reason.
Urticaria induced by common factors are as follows:
1, food. Regardless of animal foods such as fish, shrimp, crab, eggs, beef and mutton, dairy products and so on, or plant food, such as pineapple, mushrooms, broad beans, garlic, strawberries, tomatoes, etc. can cause urticaria, but animal Urticaria induced by food and dairy products for more. Food additives, such as children often favorite cold drinks, soft drinks, ice cream, cakes, chocolate and other foods containing food additives because of their extensive, chronic urticaria is often the incentive can not be ignored.
2, drugs. About 14% of drug-induced dermatitis manifested as urticaria, showing the drug is an important factor leading to urticaria. Common penicillin drugs and the penicillins, followed by sulfa drugs, tetracyclines, Furazolidone, aspirin and other anti-fever drugs, sedative hypnotics, whether oral or intravenous or intramuscular injection, can induce urticaria.
3, infection. A variety of infections, particularly infections in children suffering from urticaria often combined, such as purulent tonsillitis, otitis media, pyoderma, toothache, alveolar abscess, the flu, pharyngitis, hepatitis, parasitic diseases, gastroenteritis, etc. is a common predisposing factor.
4, physical and chemical factors. Such as cold, heat, sun, squeezing, friction, scratch and are often caused by moisture, such as urticaria.
5, inhalation or contact with objects. Such as pollen, airborne mold spores, animal dander and feathers, grave-sweepers, chemical fiber fabrics, such as wear.
6, blood transfusion and blood products. Various antitoxic serum, globulin, albumin and so on.
7, the spirit of factors. If excessive tension, insomnia and so on.
8, genetic factors. Such as familial urticaria syndrome, familial limitations of heat urticaria, hereditary angioedema, such as.
What is allergy
Talking about internal allergy, it is necessary to say what is allergy, allergy prone to allergic reactions are actually physical. We are all the same, but everyone is different, some people are allergy, he called such a physical allergy, because of its very complex, genetic factors, we should not ignore this issue, genetic factors are play a decisive role. Parents, that is, parents are allergic diseases, he incidence of children can be as high as 75%, if the parent has allergic disease, his children the incidence can reach 50%, the ratio is quite high.
Mother if the father is allergic constitution, you should pay attention to your child's allergies, he may be allergic reactions occur at some stage. There is also the source of what is meant by allergies, a speaking, allergies are actually the source of your allergy-induced, we talked about some of the outside material, there is no allergy to stimulate your source, you will not be an allergic reaction, we have sub-categories. For example, the source of inhaled allergens such as pollen, animal dander, automobile exhaust, paint, tobacco these things to stimulate you, you will be a series of reaction of allergic rhinitis, sneezing, runny nose, etc. reaction. There are things to eat, food allergic to, such as milk, eggs, seafood, peanuts, and some food additives, especially children, and some milk allergic children compared to the weight, and sometimes also milk with milk do not like about this allergy, and another not allergic to milk ingredients inside, allergy to a component.
Mother if the father is allergic constitution, you should pay attention to your child's allergies, he may be allergic reactions occur at some stage. There is also the source of what is meant by allergies, a speaking, allergies are actually the source of your allergy-induced, we talked about some of the outside material, there is no allergy to stimulate your source, you will not be an allergic reaction, we have sub-categories. For example, the source of inhaled allergens such as pollen, animal dander, automobile exhaust, paint, tobacco these things to stimulate you, you will be a series of reaction of allergic rhinitis, sneezing, runny nose, etc. reaction. There are things to eat, food allergic to, such as milk, eggs, seafood, peanuts, and some food additives, especially children, and some milk allergic children compared to the weight, and sometimes also milk with milk do not like about this allergy, and another not allergic to milk ingredients inside, allergy to a component.
Pediatric gynecology
Pediatric gynecology, neonatal refers to the 14-year-old during the period around the genital mutilation of girls, growth, development, physiological changes and disease and the formation of a relatively independent disciplines.
Doctor's advice:
Now a lot of girls will suffer from varying degrees of gynecological diseases, many causes of the disease. Xiaomei is due to his mother suffers from fungal vaginitis, pay no attention to the daily life of being infected. Parents generally agree that small children, children did not dare to gynecological doctor, that doctor will do gynecological examinations. In fact, parents do not have to worry, doctors need to check even if only with anal diagnosis. If you sure you want to use the vagina, the hymen will be in ensuring the implementation of the full circumstances. Therefore, parents do not apply if a child - genital unexplained vaginal bleeding; 8 before the age of breast development; it is difficult to distinguish between male and female; genital itching, inflammation, ulcers, wounds; lower abdominal pain and so on, not embarrassing, it is necessary to not Strip hesitant children to hospital for examination, and medication under the guidance of a doctor.
Doctor's advice:
Now a lot of girls will suffer from varying degrees of gynecological diseases, many causes of the disease. Xiaomei is due to his mother suffers from fungal vaginitis, pay no attention to the daily life of being infected. Parents generally agree that small children, children did not dare to gynecological doctor, that doctor will do gynecological examinations. In fact, parents do not have to worry, doctors need to check even if only with anal diagnosis. If you sure you want to use the vagina, the hymen will be in ensuring the implementation of the full circumstances. Therefore, parents do not apply if a child - genital unexplained vaginal bleeding; 8 before the age of breast development; it is difficult to distinguish between male and female; genital itching, inflammation, ulcers, wounds; lower abdominal pain and so on, not embarrassing, it is necessary to not Strip hesitant children to hospital for examination, and medication under the guidance of a doctor.
You will suffer from dental caries of deciduous teeth
As we all know, the teeth will not only chew food, but also help to clear
speech and pronunciation. Childhood teeth, chewing through activities to
promote the development of facial and jaw growth. If not healthy teeth,
not only will add to the burden of gastrointestinal function, but also for
the health of the body have a greater impact. Therefore, the protection of
the teeth is also an important element in health care.
speech and pronunciation. Childhood teeth, chewing through activities to
promote the development of facial and jaw growth. If not healthy teeth,
not only will add to the burden of gastrointestinal function, but also for
the health of the body have a greater impact. Therefore, the protection of
the teeth is also an important element in health care.
However, some mothers that have to take off anyway, replaced by permanent
teeth deciduous, so the health of deciduous teeth does not attach much
importance on. Dental profession tells us that we must do something to
protect teeth deciduous teeth, because "sick of deciduous teeth, permanent
disadvantage." Deciduous teeth of children during the chewing organs, but
also guide the future eruption of permanent teeth, deciduous teeth and the
bad for the healthy development of children has a decisive influence.
Pathological change even if the permanent teeth of the deciduous teeth,
the bite may also result in missing teeth, dental caries and so on.
More than 90% of the world's people suffer from dental diseases, the
number of children suffering from dental caries and more particularly.
Some kids grow in the front a few months or six months after the teeth
began to turn yellow, black. Mainly manifested in the maxillary anterior
lip milk face, a broad shallow caries destruction, the so-called "baby
bottle caries."
So, how to protect the Health and dental caries of primary teeth is not
healthy so strong?
When the deciduous teeth eruption in children often like to bite hard
objects such as toys, then care should be more careful so as not to allow
sharp and gingival mucosal injury. The majority of children in the teeth
when gums have congestive edema, and drooling, and sometimes sleep is also
disturbed by fever. In this area and stimulate the eruption of the teeth,
on the other hand, with the baby's diet changes, because then they have
gradually changed from breast-fed rice gruel ordinary food, the body can
not adapt immediately. Therefore, the dentition in infants and young
children should pay attention to hygiene, strengthen nursing. Such as
after each feeding to feeding water to clean the mouth mucosa and gingiva.
In addition, the addition of complementary importance should be as soon as
possible, step by step, from soft to hard from the beginning of four
months to add, gradually from the rice, fish, eggs five or six months when
the transition to the rotten porridge, meat, vegetables mud, etc. This
will make the digestive system to adjust masticatory function can be a
timely exercise to stimulate the eruption of teeth. That the majority of
deciduous teeth eruption, the child can gradually add to the biscuits,
meat, soy products such as hard and tough and resistant to chewing the
food, to further promote the development of teeth and jaws.
Deciduous teeth after long Qi, we can help children practice mouthwash.
The timing of mouthwash in a few minutes after a meal. Began from the two
-year-old church that they should brush their teeth properly. To five or
six years old, sooner or later have to brush your teeth every day. Meal at
the same time, develop a mouthwash, brushing before going to bed, the
habit of eating sweets. In addition, parents should regularly check
children's mouth, the timely detection of dental caries, treatment
immediately in order to prevent the development of dental caries.
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