What are the characteristics of children throat?

Pharyngeal airway and digestive tract is a common pathway. Adult pharynx is wide and the next one on the narrow, little flat before and after the funnel-shaped muscular pipeline. From top to bottom respectively with nose, mouth and larynx interlinked, therefore, the pharynx is divided into the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx, pharynx is a common digestive and respiratory passage.

The pharyngeal structures in children and adults are different:
(1) Infant nasopharynx and pharynx is relatively small, and more vertical.
(2) The rich build-up of nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue, and whose development is also different because of their age. The largest is about two tonsils, in the neonatal period, the palatal arch hidden in between the crypt and blood vessels have developed, to one end of the year, with the development of lymphoid tissues of the body gradually grow up,  4 ~ 10 growth reached a peak at the age of 14 to 15-year-old Shi You deterioration. Due to anatomical characteristics of the decision, angina is commonly found in school-age children, and infants under 1 year of age are very rare. Around the tonsils, there is diffuse lymphoid infiltration, pharynx posterior wall of particles shaped lymphoid follicles, the most notable one year old, then gradually shrink, and therefore infancy up to retropharyngeal abscess. Tonsil has certain defense function, but when bacteria hidden deep in the crypt, when, and yet become a chronic infection of the lesions. Adenoids than the tonsils as early as the development, about 6 to 12 months that began to develop.
(3), Child Care syringes wide, short and straight, was the level of bits, therefore, after suffering from a cold complicated by otitis media. 

Lymphadenopathy

Lymph nodes in the neck side, ears back, submandibular, armpits, groin, etc..
(1) the case of lymph nodes
Swollen lymph nodes, if the fingertips touch a bit with the feeling of Ying Ying and will, in turn, under the skin (it is sometimes swollen like the size of a grain of rice). But even feels there are 2 ~ 3, as long as better than red beans large, do not worry.
Head eczema, pustules or razor scratching, the lymph nodes are often swollen. Then you must first find out the reasons for treatment. Because the lymph node itself does not hurt to continue to grow as long as no, you do not care. It often will naturally disappear, but may also have to stay. Or sudden swelling, and fever symptoms.
Tonsillitis, pharyngitis, stomatitis, tooth decay bacteria attack the body, caused by suppurative lymphadenitis, if the pressure with your fingers feel the pain and need treatment.
Lymph nodes swelled suddenly appeared in the submandibular, armpit, groin, although not painful, but his face is not good, or subcutaneous bleeding bruises in several places, it could be leukemia or other malignancies.
In addition, the lymph nodes while a rash, fever symptoms, rubella, or Kawasaki disease may be required to undergo an examination.
(2) lymph nodes and Response Act
A pressure on the feeling of pain → doctor Fever, swelling of the site ↓
Rash, fever → go to the hospital for examination ↓
Suddenly grew Body spots His face is not good, did not immediately go to the hospital mental → Epistaxis, subcutaneous bleeding ↓
Red beans as big as There prickly heat, pustules, etc. to find out the reasons for the treatment → ↓
Large grain of rice to the beans as big as → look at the situation Suppressed and will not hurt

What are the characteristics of children nose?

The nose is the beginning of the respiratory tract is gas out of the portal; the same time, my sense of smell organ. Adult children of the nasal structures and somewhat different:
(1) Because facial skull hypoplasia, my son's nose and nasal cavity is relatively short. Newborns and new-born children a few months almost no inferior meatus. Later, with age, facial skull, maxillary growth, as well as a tooth, a gradual lengthening of the nasal passages widen. To 4 years old, inferior meatus was fully formed.
(2) infants did not vibrissa, nasal soft and rich in blood vessels, and therefore vulnerable. Infection, because of congestive nasal swelling, often so narrow nose is more narrow, or even occlusion, difficulty in breathing occurs. Even the common cold, may also occur in infants breathing difficulties, refusal to milk, as well as irritability.
(3), underdeveloped sinuses of infants at birth, the frontal and ethmoid sinus Although formation, but very small, frontal and sphenoid sinus is completely undeveloped. Later, with age, face the gradual development of the skull and upper jaw, sinus gradually developed to complete. However, the development of the various sinuses are not fully consistent with, such as the maxillary sinus, increases rapidly after 2 years of age to 6 years old when wide and deep; ethmoid and maxillary sinus similar to the speed of development; the first 2 years after birth, the beginning frontal sinus the emergence of six years of age, such as pea-size, 12 ~ 13 years old when the development system; sphenoid sinus and nasal cavity to the 3-year-old when interlinked, 6-year-old began to rapidly increase when the chamber. Because the Child Care sinus poorly developed, so vulnerable to upper respiratory tract infection, but rarely cause sinusitis.
(4) The nasolacrimal duct in the early childhood years, a shorter, open the valve hypoplasia Department, located in the inner eye canthus. Therefore, upper respiratory tract infection in children is often invaded and conjunctiva, the eyelids appear red and swollen gum many other symptoms.

What are the characteristics of infant faeces

Parents bring their children to the hospital, we often hear: "A child's stool color hair green, how the matter?"; "The child's stool, there are particles, what is the problem? The like. Can see that some parents do not understand children's normal stool should look like. Here's an overview of the knowledge in this regard:
Normal stool usually contains about 80% water, the rest of the main component is not fully digest proteins, carbohydrates, fats and calcium mineral composition of food residue; may also carry a small amount of mucus and bacteria. However, manure characteristics in children may be due to feed ingredients vary.
1, breast-feeding time: a simple human-milk-fed children, stool should be yellow or golden yellow, for uniform paste; or with a little yellow stool particles, there is no smell, because an acid reaction Shaodai sour . Occasionally a little thin and with a bit of green is normal. Human milk feeding are normally 2-4 times a day bowel movement. According to the child's habits, if the stools a day on weekdays are the times, a sudden increase to 4-5 times is not normal. However, some children with normal bowel movements 4-5 times a day is, or even more. As long as the general good condition, body weight remained stable growth, it can not be said of the anomalies.
2, artificial feeding time: milk feeding my son's stool was neutral or alkaline, compared with dry thick, yellow or sallow, such as fresh milk feeding, the stool can be mixed with white, casein clot. Because milk is rich in protein, protein breakdown can make more smelly droppings. When artificial feeding should be 1-2 times per day within the stool.
3, mixed-feeding time: in the human milk or milk-fed at the same time, as supplemented by rice porridge, rice, pasta, or purée and so on, stool traits will change accordingly. Canadian food starch can is slightly large dark brown stool volumes have increased, increased smell, but also can become a little thin some. If fed with vegetables or fruit traits when the stool can be close to adults. Remind parents to note that feeding kids vegetables, may find that some of purée-like mass stool, which is to increase the child to adapt to new food supplement a normal phenomenon when the parents to refrain from this mistaken for indigestion. In daily life, parents often encounter a child changing the shape of feces situation, with the above knowledge, you will know what's what, and will not dilute the child's stool, or in which the discovery of a small raw-vegetable kind of things to worry about afraid.

A lack of vitamin B1 can cause beriberi

You certainly have heard the name of the medicine of vitamin B, but not necessarily heard of B vitamins argument. Vitamin B is actually a family of many members, mainly including vitamins B1, B2, B6 and B12, the role of their different children in different types of lack of vitamin B, the performance is not the same symptoms.

Vitamin B1 also known as Thiamine, found in lean pork, rice bran, wheat bran, red bayberry, peanuts, whole grains than refined rice, the smart side of the content of which is more a result of B1 in the skin and germ of cereals quite rich in content.

If, after fine processing, and remove the skin and germ of cereals, B1 will follow a large number of missing. Taomi excessive; cooking time too long; porridge, cooking pasta or baking soda are added alkali, as well as meals are not balanced, long-term to nine starchy carbohydrates) as the main, and rarely eat meat, beans; suffering from chronic diseases , chronic diarrhea Dengjun will cause a lack of B1. B1-borne diseases due to the lack of known as beri-beri, mainly for the following symptoms:
1, gastrointestinal symptoms: baby more common, manifested as diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal distention, constipation, and enlargement of the liver.
2, nervous system symptoms: the baby's symptoms and different from older children, cranial nerve paralysis first appeared, showed looked indifferent, lethargy, sucking, and limb weakness, all kinds of tendon reflexes diminished or disappeared; some babies first appeared recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis symptoms, may have Shengya, crying silently. Older children suffering from beri-beri, when Zeyi peripheral nerve damage as the main manifestations: first, the performance decreased as the feeling, touch, pain and temperature perception have disappeared, and have made up, numbness, lancinating pain and burning sensation. Emerged after the motor nerve palsy, paralysis of the first starting from the lower limbs, children Yirong of falls, severe ptosis feet, difficulty walking; paralysis can be gradually involving the upper extremity, wrist sag, and then decreased muscle strength, as well as muscle atrophy.
3, cardiovascular system symptoms: can be expressed as irritability, shortness of breath, looking pale and lips cyanosis. Young infants is also easily lead to acute heart failure, such as the lack of timely treatment, can quickly die. Attention should be given that, as pregnant women, the lack of B1, may occur in severe cases of neonatal congenital beriberi. Children with systemic edema, body temperature is low, feeding weakness, low voice, repeated vomiting, lethargy day. The above-mentioned symptoms of children, especially those from rice, the staple food of rice-producing areas, or when the doctors in general would take into account the possibility of beriberi, after the necessary diagnosed, it will provide timely B1 and symptomatic treatment. After proper treatment, loss of appetite, edema and heart failure symptoms may disappear within 24 hours; nervous and cardiovascular system, the symptoms must be a few weeks or even months to recover. With the improvement of people's living standards, beri-beri patients Although significantly reduced, but as parents must understand this disease, and prevention in their daily lives: as far as possible not to milled rice, the staple food of the smart side, in particular, emphasis should be placed diversification of food and maintain a balanced diet and pay attention to cooking methods is reasonable.

Four Misunderstandings treatment of children with cough alert

In daily life, many parents prefer to use their "common sense" treatment of children with cough, does not know that these "common sense" may also be wrong. Experts point out that parents in the diagnosis and treatment of children with cough, they should guard against the following four errors:
Misunderstanding 1: pediatric cough and nasal congestion, runny nose is not directly related
Children have a lot of coughing and stuffy nose symptoms of runny nose, but parents often only treatment for symptoms of cough did not know that nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea is the main reason for cough in children.
Children with short nasal cavity, nasal passages narrow, nasal soft, blood vessel-rich, easy to cause nasal congestion runny nose, causing nasal secretions back to stimulate the throat and bronchial mucous membranes, causing cough in children. Which contain decongestants pseudoephedrine components of compound preparation can not only relieve nasal congestion, runny nose, but also to help alleviate the cough.
Misunderstanding 2: Pediatric cough first to use anti-inflammatory drugs
Many parents think that children with cough is a respiratory tract inflammation, so use anti-inflammatory drugs, in fact, this would bring a lot of adverse effects in children. Cough in children is not only stimulated by a respiratory infection caused by inflammation, allergies, dust, foreign body stimulation may also cause cough in children, if not symptomatic, taking anti-inflammatory drugs not only for the treatment of cough, unhelpful, but also produce the gastrointestinal tract and kidney toxicity side-effects.
Misunderstanding 3: You can use cough in children adult cough medicine
Some parents do not know how agents of the Road, do not understand the difference between children and adults, children can also be mistaken for adults taking drugs, simply halve or reduce the dosage on the line, but in fact this would be extremely harmful. Pediatric and adult body weight is not only different, more physiological and pathological aspects of the differences, such as children because of the liver, kidney and other organs develop imperfect, the enzyme phylogeny is not complete, poor drug metabolism, it is prone to adverse reactions, and should therefore be Select products designed specifically for children.
Misunderstanding four: that children with cough are common, Keke would be a good Coughing is a very common symptom of children, but the majority of coughs are the signals of certain diseases, in particular the development of children's respiratory system is very immature, there is no way to effectively when sputum expectoration of sputum, but will remain in the sputum the respiratory tract, not only increase the inflammation and cough, but also is easy for the virus spread to other parts of the lungs and increased the lead to illness or complications. Therefore, children should be timely investigation causes a cough treatment.

Complications of insulin therapy

Somogyi phenomenon also known as a low - high blood glucose response is due to excessive application of insulin caused by chronic, and it is a common complication of insulin therapy. This behavior occurs when the mechanism is a chronic excess of insulin, blood sugar more children late at night during sleep when the decline, and hence lead to patient insulin antagonistic hormone (epinephrine, growth hormone, etc.) secretion increased, so that children with elevated blood sugar in the morning with high glucose.
Low - high blood sugar reaction, due to low blood sugar mostly occurs in sleep, easily missed diagnosis. Children showed hyperhidrosis, hyperactivity, anxiety, nightmares, fear, or there screaming, and sometimes also the performance of children with abnormal behavior, severe hypoglycemia with convulsions and coma may be, but children can still stay in business after getting up. Because of the low blood sugar caused by insulin antagonistic hormone to increase a few hours later (early morning) in children with high blood sugar, a large number of diabetes, and can be accompanied by one of urine, low blood sugar after the emergence of high blood sugar. Normal blood sugar indefinite periods of time, even up to several days. As the night-time hypoglycemia-like easily ignored, often find problems have emerged urine increased, and thus increase the amount of insulin, the results often lead to increased symptoms.
When the children have the following clinical manifestations, we should pay attention to whether there is a low - high blood sugar reaction:
1, children with a 24-hour urine (defined as a 24-hour total urine volume in children with the glucose contained in the amount of quantitative determination) increased, while there exists an obvious hypoglycemia-like. Due to an increase in urine sugar, increase insulin dosage, the urine can not be a steady decline, mostly in "+ + or + + +" and "-" between the more volatile.
2, children with easy to hunger, more food, weight gain, accompanied by hepatomegaly.
3, children at night, there have been nightmares, night sweats, waking headache, nausea, urine and other higher performance.
Suspected of low - high blood sugar response in children should be measured at 2-3 at night, blood glucose and urine sugar, urine sugar, or if the normal blood sugar at night can be diagnosed with the disease-negative. Approach of this phenomenon is very simple, is to reduce the dosage of insulin. Every 2-3 days to reduce insulin dosage by about 10% better, should be careful not to short period of time to prevent excessive reduction induced by acidosis.
In short, low - high blood sugar response because the symptoms are not typical, often easily missed diagnosis of children with severe physical and mental health hazards. Therefore, parents and doctors deal with this complication to be attaches great importance to timely diagnosis and treatment done to ensure the smooth progress of the treatment of children with diabetes.

Childhood leukemia

Leukemia is a common pediatric cancer (accounting for the first one). Is due to abnormal proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells caused by the proliferation of malignant disease, which affects not only the bone marrow and the entire hematopoietic system, and immersing the body other organs. Clinically divided into acute lymphoblastic leukemia (acute lymphocytic) and acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (acute Fei Lin), in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia is more prevalent.
Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia compared with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia as well, the natural course of acute leukemia, a short, but after the positive rules of treatment, could significantly prolong the survival period, and foreign reports 65-70% of acute lymphoblastic leukemia survival period of 5 years, the domestic rules of treatment of 60-by 70% of patients to long-term survival, to international standards.
Clinical manifestations: 1, irregular fever, progressive pale, weak, bleeding, to the skin, gum bleeding, epistaxis common. 2, organization infiltration performance: the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, may have bone and joint, skin, parotid gland, mediastinal lymph nodes, nervous system, testes and other organs infiltrated, and a corresponding symptoms.
Diagnosis based on: 1, fever, anemia, bleeding, weakness. 2, organization infiltration performance: the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, may have bone and joint, skin, parotid gland, mediastinal lymph nodes, nervous system, testes and other organs infiltrated, and a corresponding symptoms. 3, the blood such as: white blood cells can be increased, reduced or normal, decreased hemoglobin, or platelets. 4, bone marrow abnormalities.
Treatment principles: 1, the general treatment: rest, supportive therapy, isolation. 2, control infection. 3, blood transfusion or transfusion of blood components. 4, chemotherapy. 5, immunotherapy. 6, those with chemotherapy should be a high white blood cell alkalization of urine to prevent hyperuricemia.
Expert Tips: For the blood system in acute leukemia, malignant tumor, is one of common malignant tumors in children. The disease etiology is unclear, but it should try to avoid contact with benzene, nitrosamines substances, radiation and other harmful substances, used with caution chloramphenicol, phenylbutazone and other drugs. In case of pale skin, gums and nose bleeding, fever and bone, joint pain and other symptoms, it is timely to the hospital for examination and treatment, listen to the doctor advised a bone marrow examination.
Once the diagnosis should be carried out after the regular chemotherapy, during chemotherapy attention to nutrition, strengthening support for therapy, prevention of infection, chemotherapy, interim period on a regular basis to a hospital referral. It has been reported re-treatment of patients with poor bone marrow transplant should be carried out, or autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, will enable continuous complete remission condition survival period be extended.

The etiology and treatment of ADHD children

The cause of ADHD children in general are the following:
1, the insufficient number of brain neurotransmitters. Such as norepinephrine, dopamine and other neurotransmitters in the brain concentrations of reduced and weakened the central nervous system suppression activities to increase the child moves. Therefore, the ADHD children must be given to drug treatment. Non-breastfed children, parents should pay attention to this reason in particular.
2, organic brain damage. Mother, suffering from high blood pressure during pregnancy, thyroid hypertrophy, nephritis, anemia, low heat, threatened abortion, cold, etc.; childbirth abnormalities; children 1-2 years after birth, central nervous system infection or trauma. This children's susceptibility to ADHD.
3, genetic factors. Part of the view that the physical birth defects and organ abnormalities, chromosomal abnormalities, genetic factors such as parental mental illness will be affected to varying degrees the child's brain function, resulting in the congenital physical defects, leading to hyperactivity.
4, other factors. Inappropriate teaching methods and early intellectual development of excessive pressure on the environment far more than a child's psychological capacity, leading to a child's psychological development lags behind, lower self-control. In addition, excessive intake of artificial food colors, excessive lead content of food does not necessarily lead to lead poisoning, but may lead to ADHD.
ADHD treatment for children:
1, drug treatment. Drug therapy should be cautious, medication type, dosage and time should be the guidance of experts, close observation.
2, diet therapy. There is no sufficient evidence to sure what food and the occurrence of ADHD, but in the child's food should be avoided by adding artificial colors flavorings, preservatives and salicylic acid esters.
3, psychological treatment. This is to correct deviations from normal behavior for children to cultivate his good behavior, enhance learning capacity and social adaptability, the main method. In the training process, parents have the right attitude, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is morbid and should not be discrimination and abuse, so as not to increase the psychological trauma. You can also take the following methods:
Distributed learning: The child's learning time to split up to every 10 minutes and let him rest. Learning environment, should not be placed distracting things.
The timely evaluation method: When the child showed quiet to do homework, less petty when the time to give praise. On the contrary, it is necessary and timely criticism.
Procedural training method: Using the guiding language training, control and guide their children's behavior. If I would let him observe the adult himself homework, and then themselves, in the homework, the side of the write side of himself: I want to do their homework, and we should work hard, first question is what ... ...
Also, teach their children to a regular lifestyle. Experience has shown that these types of treatments can reduce the child's hyperactive behavior, in the long-standing basis, generally speaking, children's hyperactivity can be effectively controlled and corrected, so that normal development of psychology.

Congenital heart disease etiology, diagnosis and treatment of the performance

Congenital heart disease is due to fetal heart and vascular abnormalities caused the
vascular malformation of the heart, is the most common heart disease in children period.

Including atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus,
tetralogy of Fallot, such as great vessels, pulmonary stenosis, coarctation of the aorta
and so on.
The past 20 years due to advanced modern inspection technology development and low-
temperature anesthesia, cardiopulmonary bypass and cardiac surgery in progress, many
common congenital heart disease to get an accurate diagnosis and cure, some of the complex
heart defects can also be into surgical treatment.
1, causes: Have any effect on fetal cardiac embryonic development factors are likely to cause heart
malformations, such as the pregnant mother suffering from rubella, influenza, mumps,
Coxsackie virus infection, diabetes, hypercalcemia, etc. maternal radiation exposure;
pregnancy A mother taking anti-cancer drugs or drugs such as sugar-ning.
Second, clinical manifestations: 1, children may be more growth and development of children lagging behind their peers, and
susceptibility to respiratory infections.
2, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus is usually
no bruising early, but the violent activities or bruising may occur after laugh or cry,
age, growth, development that may occur when the late bruising. Right to left shunt
congenital heart disease, severe heart malformations, such as tetralogy of Fallot in
children or a few weeks after birth, there can be bruising for several months, and
gradually increased.
3, cardiac auscultation, at the left edge of the sternum systolic murmur could be heard.
4, tetralogy of Fallot in children in the activities, the need for frequent squat to rest,
to relieve shortness of breath, and sometimes may occur syncope (a temporary change in
brain hypoxia), and even life-threatening ventilation; In addition, tetralogy of 4 of
Fallot children's fingers, toes swollen like a drum-like ends, saying clubbed fingers
(toes).
In addition, the atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect and patent ductus
arteriosus often susceptible to pneumonia, heart failure-prone, tetralogy of Fallot can
often complicated by cerebral thrombosis, brain abscess, the addition of atrial septal
defect with congenital heart disease are easy to outer complicated by bacterial
endocarditis.
3, diagnostic measures: Can be used for cardiac X-ray imaging, electrocardiogram and heart sound look
echocardiography. Echocardiography the diagnostic value of the largest and can show atrial
septal, ventricular septal defect size, location, sub-flow of blood, and other vascular
malformations; in general should be made prior to surgery and cardiovascular angiography
cardiac catheterization in order to further clarify the diagnosis and good preoperative
preparation.
4, treatment methods: 1, surgical treatment: Congenital heart disease is a radical surgical treatment, generally
available at 4-5 years of age for surgery, such as symptoms of severe or persistent
bacterial endocarditis should control the operation in advance.
2, internal medicine treatment: congenital heart disease before medical treatment is
mainly to avoid the violent activity, to prevent or treat infections, if heart failure

Child anorexia to symptomatic treatment

In a growing number of "Xiao Pang Tun" has become the object of social concern, while more and more the phenomenon of child anorexia do not think diet, a diminutive child becomes a parent's "heart disease." Anorexia in children health, how much impact? How the formation of anorexia?

How to prevent and treat Xiaoeryansi?
According to pediatricians introduction, anorexia and abnormal feeding behavior of children of a disease can occur for children of all ages, but more common in children 1 to 6 years of age.
With the rapid socio-economic development, people increasingly wide range of feeding, more and more species, more complex, resulting in children's diet is unreasonable or disorder, thereby enabling children are seeing a gradual increase in the incidence of anorexia trends, particularly staggering incidence of urban children.
Protracted disease course of time, child growth and development, nutritional status and intellectual development in varying degrees.
Caused by a common cause of anorexia
Under normal circumstances, causing loss of appetite, there are two common causes: a result of local or systemic diseases affect the digestive functions, such as acute and chronic hepatitis, chronic enteritis, for various reasons, such as diarrhea and chronic constipation, gastrointestinal diseases, tuberculosis, or other acute and chronic infections such as systemic diseases, zinc, iron and trace elements such as the lack of, etc.; one is the central nervous system by the human body to stimulate the effects of internal and external environment, so that the regulation of gastrointestinal digestive function right out of balance, such as parents and a lack of scientific feeding knowledge, due to the unreasonable feeding led to Xiaoeryansi, mostly manifested in not timely complementary feeding, forced feeding, greedy snacks, the partial eclipse, and several other areas.
Reasonable treatment for the cause
Western medicine treatment of anorexia, mainly symptomatic treatment mainly focus on restoring the digestive function in children. If found to lower blood zinc, zinc under doctor's orders; to give domperidone to promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, etc.. Traditional Chinese Medicine believes that medical treatment will seek the book, is the right cause for treatment.
Anorexia for children of this urgency, it is necessary to conduct Differential Treatment. At the same time a concrete analysis of specific situations. Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of anorexia have a greater advantage, the first child syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine mainly being introduced, combined with massage, chiropractic, auricular point sticking and other comprehensive treatment, to obtain a better therapeutic effect.
A correct understanding of the role of food
1. Is not a high-protein, high-fat foods on the proportion of major benefit to children. Childhood supplement rich in protein is very important. However, excessive protein intake will make the final product of nitrogen metabolism to produce too much, increasing the burden on liver and kidney.
2. Parents should correct misconceptions on the diet, and afraid that their children eat less than the psychological state of the food should not be too fine, to increase the carbohydrate and crude fiber foods proportion. 3. To train kids to develop good eating habits.
Parents should educate their children eat or not eat snacks, to develop their regular, regular quantity of good eating habits; for the child eat to create a good psychological environment, not force feeding, to avoid the children in the rebellious refusal to eat.

Children's Psychological Factors anorexia

Child anorexia of the most common psychological factors:

1. Children's central nervous system adverse psychological stimuli such as shock, fear, tension, Beiku, etc., may lead to digestive disorders, loss of appetite;
2. Parents asking too much for their children to limit their children's activities, such as the prohibition to play with other children in the meal on the table before and reprimanded the child will affect the children's mood and appetite, resulting in a child anorexia;
3. When a child loss of appetite, the use of coercion or intimidation to force a child means eating, often children are more rebellious and refused to eat;
4. Very much spoiled, unlimited accommodate children, for children to develop self-willed and always on a non-threatening eating habits of adults to achieve their goals;
5. Life irregular, the children sleep too late, resulting in lack of sleep, excessive fatigue, caused by loss of appetite;
6. Time to eat too much, "eat hurt," or lack of eating partners in the same age, or poor food cooking or the eating environment, confusion, poor appetite can make a child, leading to anorexia.

Children's cold misconception 5

Colds, respiratory infections are the most common pediatric diseases. According to medical observation, a child within a year, often repeated several times as much as a cold, particularly in infants and preschool children colds. Some parents in the treatment of colds and respiratory diseases in children when there are many errors, the experts remind parents to pay attention.
Misconception 1: There is a heavy nasal is a cold?

Especially in young children, especially in an age often will hear a grunt nose, such as respiratory secretions, in which the shuttle, that is, Bishi, of course, a manifestation of sputum (respiratory secretions). The mothers are concerned about your baby a cold, but in fact most are multi-considered. The main reason is just because of the excessive accumulation and slowly dried Nianzhu nasal secretions for the above phenomena, in particular, no fever, activity and other changes, not to worry, as long as the form good habits and a good nose and clean each day, within the secretions of the above would not have happened.
As for what the case is a real rhinitis? The answer is when the doctor found to have inflammation in the nasal cavity, namely, redness, swelling, caused by the increase in nasal secretions when we can come to this diagnosis.
Misconception 2: cold on the use of antibiotics
Virus or bacteria can cause colds. The common cold virus belonging to a cold virus, bacteria, colds are caused by bacterial cold. Antibiotics only for bacterial cold be useful.
In fact, many belong to the common cold virus cold. The strict sense, the right viral influenza, and there is no effective drug, only symptomatic treatment, without the need for the use of antibiotics. You may have had this experience, cold a habit of buying some cold medicine at the pharmacy, while a slight increase in antibiotic use. In fact antibiotics at this time is useless, a waste is also abused.
Misconception 3: There sputum expectoration sound should shoot back?
The so-called respiratory system include: nasal cavity, throat, trachea and bronchi, as well as the lungs, resulting in the location of sputum can be any of the above one, mostly due to infections, such as infection. When the children hear the sound of breathing with sputum, it should first judge themselves or ask doctors to help understand whether there is phlegm ─ ─ that is, in the last position of the throat above, or in the next ─ ─ namely, the trachea or lung, if the former, it not necessary to give shoot sputum, but need to be carefully removed nasal or throat secretions is; Of course, if indeed endotracheal sputum sound, then the rules need to be given shoot sputum.
Misconception 4: injection, "gamma globulin" Prevention of flu
Children often cold, so that parents are anxious, listening to people say that this is a low resistance reasons, RBI, "gamma globulin" will play a role in preventing colds, but the injection of a period of time, but can not see little effect.
"Gamma globulin" is derived from the plasma extract of biological agents, with the present technology, there is still danger of contamination is not 100% secure. Third, only pairs of specific immune globulin less than one of the lack of work, shows that their ability to improve immune function is very limited, let alone play a role in preventing colds.
Experts advise: baby love influenza, find out the reasons is the key: malnutrition caused by decreased immunity, such as a lack of vitamin A; the cold fear of children, some elderly, with a total to cover their baby too Yanyanshishi, so that the child's tolerance is very low , "fragile"; multiple re-use of antibiotics also cause resistance to decline; if not the above reasons, you should consider the disease factors, such as allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis in children is also a love of frequent colds, which requires first the disease cure.
Misconception 5: It is necessary to eat cough cough medicine?
On the human body, the cough is a physiological reflex, when the respiratory tract undue infiltration in the material inhaled or inflammation, then upload this a message to the brain in the medulla oblongata cough vertebrae, causing intense reflection on the campaign aimed at The tracheal foreign body removed, so it would have severe coughing and speed, the air discharged from the depths of the throat, while a foreign body will be emitted.
From the above point of view, cough is a self-protection mechanism, the human body is useful. In addition to first determine the cough with sputum or no sputum cough difference between the outside (the former should increase fluid intake, and to consider whether to use phlegm drugs), the other should also consider a dry cough has caused discomfort in life, if they can not sleep, eat a cough or vomiting they only need to consider the appropriate cough medicines.

Recurrent cold causes

1, lack of exercise
Children very rarely participate in outdoor activities, while the lack of necessary training, children are often relatively poor physical condition.

2, lack of nutrition
Calcium deficiency in children are easy flu, because these children lack the body protein, so the formation of antibodies is also less. Calcium deficiency in children is often a lack of vitamin D, lack of vitamin D would affect the respiratory function of a child's development.
In addition, the lack of trace elements such as iron, zinc and so on will affect the child's resistance force.
3, air pollution
If people smoking at home, children are often the greatest danger collected.
4, oral disease
Children with chronic oral lesions, such as chronic rhinitis, sinusitis, dental caries and so on.
5, temperature
When the turn of the season, when hot or cold will cause the child very suited.
6, contact infection
General, easily a child suffering from a cold should avoid crowded public places to go, because, where the personnel situation is complicated, easily cross-infection occurred, believe the children would easily be infected.
View of this, to prevent recurrent respiratory tract infections in children, parents need to do is not to buy the children to enhance resistance to drugs, more importantly, doing care work and change some bad habits.

Four Misunderstandings treatment of children with cough alert

In daily life, many parents prefer to use their "common sense" treatment of children with cough, does not know that these "common sense" may also be wrong.

Experts point out that parents in the diagnosis and treatment of children with cough, they should guard against the following four errors:
Misunderstanding 1: pediatric cough and nasal congestion, runny nose is not directly related
Children have a lot of coughing and stuffy nose symptoms of runny nose, but parents often only treatment for symptoms of cough did not know that nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea is the main reason for cough in children.
Children with short nasal cavity, nasal passages narrow, nasal soft, blood vessel-rich, easy to cause nasal congestion runny nose, causing nasal secretions back to stimulate the throat and bronchial mucous membranes, causing cough in children. Which contain decongestants pseudoephedrine components of compound preparation can not only relieve nasal congestion, runny nose, but also to help alleviate the cough.
Misunderstanding 2: Pediatric cough first to use anti-inflammatory drugs
Many parents think that children with cough is a respiratory tract inflammation, so use anti-inflammatory drugs, in fact, this would bring a lot of adverse effects in children. Cough in children is not only stimulated by a respiratory infection caused by inflammation, allergies, dust, foreign body stimulation may also cause cough in children, if not symptomatic, taking anti-inflammatory drugs not only for the treatment of cough, unhelpful, but also produce the gastrointestinal tract and kidney toxicity side-effects.
Misunderstanding 3: You can use cough in children adult cough medicine
Some parents do not know how agents of the Road, do not understand the difference between children and adults, children can also be mistaken for adults taking drugs, simply halve or reduce the dosage on the line, but in fact this would be extremely harmful. Pediatric and adult body weight is not only different, more physiological and pathological aspects of the differences, such as children because of the liver, kidney and other organs develop imperfect, the enzyme phylogeny is not complete, poor drug metabolism, it is prone to adverse reactions, and should therefore be Select products designed specifically for children.
Misunderstanding four: that children with cough are common, Keke would be a good Coughing is a very common symptom of children, but the majority of coughs are the signals of certain diseases, in particular the development of children's respiratory system is very immature, there is no way to effectively when sputum expectoration of sputum, but will remain in the sputum the respiratory tract, not only increase the inflammation and cough, but also is easy for the virus spread to other parts of the lungs and increased the lead to illness or complications. Therefore, children should be timely investigation causes a cough treatment.