Congenital heart disease etiology, diagnosis and treatment of the performance

Congenital heart disease is due to fetal heart and vascular abnormalities caused the
vascular malformation of the heart, is the most common heart disease in children period.

Including atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus,
tetralogy of Fallot, such as great vessels, pulmonary stenosis, coarctation of the aorta
and so on.
The past 20 years due to advanced modern inspection technology development and low-
temperature anesthesia, cardiopulmonary bypass and cardiac surgery in progress, many
common congenital heart disease to get an accurate diagnosis and cure, some of the complex
heart defects can also be into surgical treatment.
1, causes: Have any effect on fetal cardiac embryonic development factors are likely to cause heart
malformations, such as the pregnant mother suffering from rubella, influenza, mumps,
Coxsackie virus infection, diabetes, hypercalcemia, etc. maternal radiation exposure;
pregnancy A mother taking anti-cancer drugs or drugs such as sugar-ning.
Second, clinical manifestations: 1, children may be more growth and development of children lagging behind their peers, and
susceptibility to respiratory infections.
2, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus is usually
no bruising early, but the violent activities or bruising may occur after laugh or cry,
age, growth, development that may occur when the late bruising. Right to left shunt
congenital heart disease, severe heart malformations, such as tetralogy of Fallot in
children or a few weeks after birth, there can be bruising for several months, and
gradually increased.
3, cardiac auscultation, at the left edge of the sternum systolic murmur could be heard.
4, tetralogy of Fallot in children in the activities, the need for frequent squat to rest,
to relieve shortness of breath, and sometimes may occur syncope (a temporary change in
brain hypoxia), and even life-threatening ventilation; In addition, tetralogy of 4 of
Fallot children's fingers, toes swollen like a drum-like ends, saying clubbed fingers
(toes).
In addition, the atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect and patent ductus
arteriosus often susceptible to pneumonia, heart failure-prone, tetralogy of Fallot can
often complicated by cerebral thrombosis, brain abscess, the addition of atrial septal
defect with congenital heart disease are easy to outer complicated by bacterial
endocarditis.
3, diagnostic measures: Can be used for cardiac X-ray imaging, electrocardiogram and heart sound look
echocardiography. Echocardiography the diagnostic value of the largest and can show atrial
septal, ventricular septal defect size, location, sub-flow of blood, and other vascular
malformations; in general should be made prior to surgery and cardiovascular angiography
cardiac catheterization in order to further clarify the diagnosis and good preoperative
preparation.
4, treatment methods: 1, surgical treatment: Congenital heart disease is a radical surgical treatment, generally
available at 4-5 years of age for surgery, such as symptoms of severe or persistent
bacterial endocarditis should control the operation in advance.
2, internal medicine treatment: congenital heart disease before medical treatment is
mainly to avoid the violent activity, to prevent or treat infections, if heart failure