What are the characteristics of children throat?

Pharyngeal airway and digestive tract is a common pathway. Adult pharynx is wide and the next one on the narrow, little flat before and after the funnel-shaped muscular pipeline. From top to bottom respectively with nose, mouth and larynx interlinked, therefore, the pharynx is divided into the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx, pharynx is a common digestive and respiratory passage.

The pharyngeal structures in children and adults are different:
(1) Infant nasopharynx and pharynx is relatively small, and more vertical.
(2) The rich build-up of nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue, and whose development is also different because of their age. The largest is about two tonsils, in the neonatal period, the palatal arch hidden in between the crypt and blood vessels have developed, to one end of the year, with the development of lymphoid tissues of the body gradually grow up,  4 ~ 10 growth reached a peak at the age of 14 to 15-year-old Shi You deterioration. Due to anatomical characteristics of the decision, angina is commonly found in school-age children, and infants under 1 year of age are very rare. Around the tonsils, there is diffuse lymphoid infiltration, pharynx posterior wall of particles shaped lymphoid follicles, the most notable one year old, then gradually shrink, and therefore infancy up to retropharyngeal abscess. Tonsil has certain defense function, but when bacteria hidden deep in the crypt, when, and yet become a chronic infection of the lesions. Adenoids than the tonsils as early as the development, about 6 to 12 months that began to develop.
(3), Child Care syringes wide, short and straight, was the level of bits, therefore, after suffering from a cold complicated by otitis media. 

Lymphadenopathy

Lymph nodes in the neck side, ears back, submandibular, armpits, groin, etc..
(1) the case of lymph nodes
Swollen lymph nodes, if the fingertips touch a bit with the feeling of Ying Ying and will, in turn, under the skin (it is sometimes swollen like the size of a grain of rice). But even feels there are 2 ~ 3, as long as better than red beans large, do not worry.
Head eczema, pustules or razor scratching, the lymph nodes are often swollen. Then you must first find out the reasons for treatment. Because the lymph node itself does not hurt to continue to grow as long as no, you do not care. It often will naturally disappear, but may also have to stay. Or sudden swelling, and fever symptoms.
Tonsillitis, pharyngitis, stomatitis, tooth decay bacteria attack the body, caused by suppurative lymphadenitis, if the pressure with your fingers feel the pain and need treatment.
Lymph nodes swelled suddenly appeared in the submandibular, armpit, groin, although not painful, but his face is not good, or subcutaneous bleeding bruises in several places, it could be leukemia or other malignancies.
In addition, the lymph nodes while a rash, fever symptoms, rubella, or Kawasaki disease may be required to undergo an examination.
(2) lymph nodes and Response Act
A pressure on the feeling of pain → doctor Fever, swelling of the site ↓
Rash, fever → go to the hospital for examination ↓
Suddenly grew Body spots His face is not good, did not immediately go to the hospital mental → Epistaxis, subcutaneous bleeding ↓
Red beans as big as There prickly heat, pustules, etc. to find out the reasons for the treatment → ↓
Large grain of rice to the beans as big as → look at the situation Suppressed and will not hurt

What are the characteristics of children nose?

The nose is the beginning of the respiratory tract is gas out of the portal; the same time, my sense of smell organ. Adult children of the nasal structures and somewhat different:
(1) Because facial skull hypoplasia, my son's nose and nasal cavity is relatively short. Newborns and new-born children a few months almost no inferior meatus. Later, with age, facial skull, maxillary growth, as well as a tooth, a gradual lengthening of the nasal passages widen. To 4 years old, inferior meatus was fully formed.
(2) infants did not vibrissa, nasal soft and rich in blood vessels, and therefore vulnerable. Infection, because of congestive nasal swelling, often so narrow nose is more narrow, or even occlusion, difficulty in breathing occurs. Even the common cold, may also occur in infants breathing difficulties, refusal to milk, as well as irritability.
(3), underdeveloped sinuses of infants at birth, the frontal and ethmoid sinus Although formation, but very small, frontal and sphenoid sinus is completely undeveloped. Later, with age, face the gradual development of the skull and upper jaw, sinus gradually developed to complete. However, the development of the various sinuses are not fully consistent with, such as the maxillary sinus, increases rapidly after 2 years of age to 6 years old when wide and deep; ethmoid and maxillary sinus similar to the speed of development; the first 2 years after birth, the beginning frontal sinus the emergence of six years of age, such as pea-size, 12 ~ 13 years old when the development system; sphenoid sinus and nasal cavity to the 3-year-old when interlinked, 6-year-old began to rapidly increase when the chamber. Because the Child Care sinus poorly developed, so vulnerable to upper respiratory tract infection, but rarely cause sinusitis.
(4) The nasolacrimal duct in the early childhood years, a shorter, open the valve hypoplasia Department, located in the inner eye canthus. Therefore, upper respiratory tract infection in children is often invaded and conjunctiva, the eyelids appear red and swollen gum many other symptoms.

What are the characteristics of infant faeces

Parents bring their children to the hospital, we often hear: "A child's stool color hair green, how the matter?"; "The child's stool, there are particles, what is the problem? The like. Can see that some parents do not understand children's normal stool should look like. Here's an overview of the knowledge in this regard:
Normal stool usually contains about 80% water, the rest of the main component is not fully digest proteins, carbohydrates, fats and calcium mineral composition of food residue; may also carry a small amount of mucus and bacteria. However, manure characteristics in children may be due to feed ingredients vary.
1, breast-feeding time: a simple human-milk-fed children, stool should be yellow or golden yellow, for uniform paste; or with a little yellow stool particles, there is no smell, because an acid reaction Shaodai sour . Occasionally a little thin and with a bit of green is normal. Human milk feeding are normally 2-4 times a day bowel movement. According to the child's habits, if the stools a day on weekdays are the times, a sudden increase to 4-5 times is not normal. However, some children with normal bowel movements 4-5 times a day is, or even more. As long as the general good condition, body weight remained stable growth, it can not be said of the anomalies.
2, artificial feeding time: milk feeding my son's stool was neutral or alkaline, compared with dry thick, yellow or sallow, such as fresh milk feeding, the stool can be mixed with white, casein clot. Because milk is rich in protein, protein breakdown can make more smelly droppings. When artificial feeding should be 1-2 times per day within the stool.
3, mixed-feeding time: in the human milk or milk-fed at the same time, as supplemented by rice porridge, rice, pasta, or purée and so on, stool traits will change accordingly. Canadian food starch can is slightly large dark brown stool volumes have increased, increased smell, but also can become a little thin some. If fed with vegetables or fruit traits when the stool can be close to adults. Remind parents to note that feeding kids vegetables, may find that some of purée-like mass stool, which is to increase the child to adapt to new food supplement a normal phenomenon when the parents to refrain from this mistaken for indigestion. In daily life, parents often encounter a child changing the shape of feces situation, with the above knowledge, you will know what's what, and will not dilute the child's stool, or in which the discovery of a small raw-vegetable kind of things to worry about afraid.

A lack of vitamin B1 can cause beriberi

You certainly have heard the name of the medicine of vitamin B, but not necessarily heard of B vitamins argument. Vitamin B is actually a family of many members, mainly including vitamins B1, B2, B6 and B12, the role of their different children in different types of lack of vitamin B, the performance is not the same symptoms.

Vitamin B1 also known as Thiamine, found in lean pork, rice bran, wheat bran, red bayberry, peanuts, whole grains than refined rice, the smart side of the content of which is more a result of B1 in the skin and germ of cereals quite rich in content.

If, after fine processing, and remove the skin and germ of cereals, B1 will follow a large number of missing. Taomi excessive; cooking time too long; porridge, cooking pasta or baking soda are added alkali, as well as meals are not balanced, long-term to nine starchy carbohydrates) as the main, and rarely eat meat, beans; suffering from chronic diseases , chronic diarrhea Dengjun will cause a lack of B1. B1-borne diseases due to the lack of known as beri-beri, mainly for the following symptoms:
1, gastrointestinal symptoms: baby more common, manifested as diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal distention, constipation, and enlargement of the liver.
2, nervous system symptoms: the baby's symptoms and different from older children, cranial nerve paralysis first appeared, showed looked indifferent, lethargy, sucking, and limb weakness, all kinds of tendon reflexes diminished or disappeared; some babies first appeared recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis symptoms, may have Shengya, crying silently. Older children suffering from beri-beri, when Zeyi peripheral nerve damage as the main manifestations: first, the performance decreased as the feeling, touch, pain and temperature perception have disappeared, and have made up, numbness, lancinating pain and burning sensation. Emerged after the motor nerve palsy, paralysis of the first starting from the lower limbs, children Yirong of falls, severe ptosis feet, difficulty walking; paralysis can be gradually involving the upper extremity, wrist sag, and then decreased muscle strength, as well as muscle atrophy.
3, cardiovascular system symptoms: can be expressed as irritability, shortness of breath, looking pale and lips cyanosis. Young infants is also easily lead to acute heart failure, such as the lack of timely treatment, can quickly die. Attention should be given that, as pregnant women, the lack of B1, may occur in severe cases of neonatal congenital beriberi. Children with systemic edema, body temperature is low, feeding weakness, low voice, repeated vomiting, lethargy day. The above-mentioned symptoms of children, especially those from rice, the staple food of rice-producing areas, or when the doctors in general would take into account the possibility of beriberi, after the necessary diagnosed, it will provide timely B1 and symptomatic treatment. After proper treatment, loss of appetite, edema and heart failure symptoms may disappear within 24 hours; nervous and cardiovascular system, the symptoms must be a few weeks or even months to recover. With the improvement of people's living standards, beri-beri patients Although significantly reduced, but as parents must understand this disease, and prevention in their daily lives: as far as possible not to milled rice, the staple food of the smart side, in particular, emphasis should be placed diversification of food and maintain a balanced diet and pay attention to cooking methods is reasonable.

Four Misunderstandings treatment of children with cough alert

In daily life, many parents prefer to use their "common sense" treatment of children with cough, does not know that these "common sense" may also be wrong. Experts point out that parents in the diagnosis and treatment of children with cough, they should guard against the following four errors:
Misunderstanding 1: pediatric cough and nasal congestion, runny nose is not directly related
Children have a lot of coughing and stuffy nose symptoms of runny nose, but parents often only treatment for symptoms of cough did not know that nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea is the main reason for cough in children.
Children with short nasal cavity, nasal passages narrow, nasal soft, blood vessel-rich, easy to cause nasal congestion runny nose, causing nasal secretions back to stimulate the throat and bronchial mucous membranes, causing cough in children. Which contain decongestants pseudoephedrine components of compound preparation can not only relieve nasal congestion, runny nose, but also to help alleviate the cough.
Misunderstanding 2: Pediatric cough first to use anti-inflammatory drugs
Many parents think that children with cough is a respiratory tract inflammation, so use anti-inflammatory drugs, in fact, this would bring a lot of adverse effects in children. Cough in children is not only stimulated by a respiratory infection caused by inflammation, allergies, dust, foreign body stimulation may also cause cough in children, if not symptomatic, taking anti-inflammatory drugs not only for the treatment of cough, unhelpful, but also produce the gastrointestinal tract and kidney toxicity side-effects.
Misunderstanding 3: You can use cough in children adult cough medicine
Some parents do not know how agents of the Road, do not understand the difference between children and adults, children can also be mistaken for adults taking drugs, simply halve or reduce the dosage on the line, but in fact this would be extremely harmful. Pediatric and adult body weight is not only different, more physiological and pathological aspects of the differences, such as children because of the liver, kidney and other organs develop imperfect, the enzyme phylogeny is not complete, poor drug metabolism, it is prone to adverse reactions, and should therefore be Select products designed specifically for children.
Misunderstanding four: that children with cough are common, Keke would be a good Coughing is a very common symptom of children, but the majority of coughs are the signals of certain diseases, in particular the development of children's respiratory system is very immature, there is no way to effectively when sputum expectoration of sputum, but will remain in the sputum the respiratory tract, not only increase the inflammation and cough, but also is easy for the virus spread to other parts of the lungs and increased the lead to illness or complications. Therefore, children should be timely investigation causes a cough treatment.

Complications of insulin therapy

Somogyi phenomenon also known as a low - high blood glucose response is due to excessive application of insulin caused by chronic, and it is a common complication of insulin therapy. This behavior occurs when the mechanism is a chronic excess of insulin, blood sugar more children late at night during sleep when the decline, and hence lead to patient insulin antagonistic hormone (epinephrine, growth hormone, etc.) secretion increased, so that children with elevated blood sugar in the morning with high glucose.
Low - high blood sugar reaction, due to low blood sugar mostly occurs in sleep, easily missed diagnosis. Children showed hyperhidrosis, hyperactivity, anxiety, nightmares, fear, or there screaming, and sometimes also the performance of children with abnormal behavior, severe hypoglycemia with convulsions and coma may be, but children can still stay in business after getting up. Because of the low blood sugar caused by insulin antagonistic hormone to increase a few hours later (early morning) in children with high blood sugar, a large number of diabetes, and can be accompanied by one of urine, low blood sugar after the emergence of high blood sugar. Normal blood sugar indefinite periods of time, even up to several days. As the night-time hypoglycemia-like easily ignored, often find problems have emerged urine increased, and thus increase the amount of insulin, the results often lead to increased symptoms.
When the children have the following clinical manifestations, we should pay attention to whether there is a low - high blood sugar reaction:
1, children with a 24-hour urine (defined as a 24-hour total urine volume in children with the glucose contained in the amount of quantitative determination) increased, while there exists an obvious hypoglycemia-like. Due to an increase in urine sugar, increase insulin dosage, the urine can not be a steady decline, mostly in "+ + or + + +" and "-" between the more volatile.
2, children with easy to hunger, more food, weight gain, accompanied by hepatomegaly.
3, children at night, there have been nightmares, night sweats, waking headache, nausea, urine and other higher performance.
Suspected of low - high blood sugar response in children should be measured at 2-3 at night, blood glucose and urine sugar, urine sugar, or if the normal blood sugar at night can be diagnosed with the disease-negative. Approach of this phenomenon is very simple, is to reduce the dosage of insulin. Every 2-3 days to reduce insulin dosage by about 10% better, should be careful not to short period of time to prevent excessive reduction induced by acidosis.
In short, low - high blood sugar response because the symptoms are not typical, often easily missed diagnosis of children with severe physical and mental health hazards. Therefore, parents and doctors deal with this complication to be attaches great importance to timely diagnosis and treatment done to ensure the smooth progress of the treatment of children with diabetes.

Childhood leukemia

Leukemia is a common pediatric cancer (accounting for the first one). Is due to abnormal proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells caused by the proliferation of malignant disease, which affects not only the bone marrow and the entire hematopoietic system, and immersing the body other organs. Clinically divided into acute lymphoblastic leukemia (acute lymphocytic) and acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (acute Fei Lin), in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia is more prevalent.
Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia compared with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia as well, the natural course of acute leukemia, a short, but after the positive rules of treatment, could significantly prolong the survival period, and foreign reports 65-70% of acute lymphoblastic leukemia survival period of 5 years, the domestic rules of treatment of 60-by 70% of patients to long-term survival, to international standards.
Clinical manifestations: 1, irregular fever, progressive pale, weak, bleeding, to the skin, gum bleeding, epistaxis common. 2, organization infiltration performance: the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, may have bone and joint, skin, parotid gland, mediastinal lymph nodes, nervous system, testes and other organs infiltrated, and a corresponding symptoms.
Diagnosis based on: 1, fever, anemia, bleeding, weakness. 2, organization infiltration performance: the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, may have bone and joint, skin, parotid gland, mediastinal lymph nodes, nervous system, testes and other organs infiltrated, and a corresponding symptoms. 3, the blood such as: white blood cells can be increased, reduced or normal, decreased hemoglobin, or platelets. 4, bone marrow abnormalities.
Treatment principles: 1, the general treatment: rest, supportive therapy, isolation. 2, control infection. 3, blood transfusion or transfusion of blood components. 4, chemotherapy. 5, immunotherapy. 6, those with chemotherapy should be a high white blood cell alkalization of urine to prevent hyperuricemia.
Expert Tips: For the blood system in acute leukemia, malignant tumor, is one of common malignant tumors in children. The disease etiology is unclear, but it should try to avoid contact with benzene, nitrosamines substances, radiation and other harmful substances, used with caution chloramphenicol, phenylbutazone and other drugs. In case of pale skin, gums and nose bleeding, fever and bone, joint pain and other symptoms, it is timely to the hospital for examination and treatment, listen to the doctor advised a bone marrow examination.
Once the diagnosis should be carried out after the regular chemotherapy, during chemotherapy attention to nutrition, strengthening support for therapy, prevention of infection, chemotherapy, interim period on a regular basis to a hospital referral. It has been reported re-treatment of patients with poor bone marrow transplant should be carried out, or autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, will enable continuous complete remission condition survival period be extended.

The etiology and treatment of ADHD children

The cause of ADHD children in general are the following:
1, the insufficient number of brain neurotransmitters. Such as norepinephrine, dopamine and other neurotransmitters in the brain concentrations of reduced and weakened the central nervous system suppression activities to increase the child moves. Therefore, the ADHD children must be given to drug treatment. Non-breastfed children, parents should pay attention to this reason in particular.
2, organic brain damage. Mother, suffering from high blood pressure during pregnancy, thyroid hypertrophy, nephritis, anemia, low heat, threatened abortion, cold, etc.; childbirth abnormalities; children 1-2 years after birth, central nervous system infection or trauma. This children's susceptibility to ADHD.
3, genetic factors. Part of the view that the physical birth defects and organ abnormalities, chromosomal abnormalities, genetic factors such as parental mental illness will be affected to varying degrees the child's brain function, resulting in the congenital physical defects, leading to hyperactivity.
4, other factors. Inappropriate teaching methods and early intellectual development of excessive pressure on the environment far more than a child's psychological capacity, leading to a child's psychological development lags behind, lower self-control. In addition, excessive intake of artificial food colors, excessive lead content of food does not necessarily lead to lead poisoning, but may lead to ADHD.
ADHD treatment for children:
1, drug treatment. Drug therapy should be cautious, medication type, dosage and time should be the guidance of experts, close observation.
2, diet therapy. There is no sufficient evidence to sure what food and the occurrence of ADHD, but in the child's food should be avoided by adding artificial colors flavorings, preservatives and salicylic acid esters.
3, psychological treatment. This is to correct deviations from normal behavior for children to cultivate his good behavior, enhance learning capacity and social adaptability, the main method. In the training process, parents have the right attitude, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is morbid and should not be discrimination and abuse, so as not to increase the psychological trauma. You can also take the following methods:
Distributed learning: The child's learning time to split up to every 10 minutes and let him rest. Learning environment, should not be placed distracting things.
The timely evaluation method: When the child showed quiet to do homework, less petty when the time to give praise. On the contrary, it is necessary and timely criticism.
Procedural training method: Using the guiding language training, control and guide their children's behavior. If I would let him observe the adult himself homework, and then themselves, in the homework, the side of the write side of himself: I want to do their homework, and we should work hard, first question is what ... ...
Also, teach their children to a regular lifestyle. Experience has shown that these types of treatments can reduce the child's hyperactive behavior, in the long-standing basis, generally speaking, children's hyperactivity can be effectively controlled and corrected, so that normal development of psychology.

Congenital heart disease etiology, diagnosis and treatment of the performance

Congenital heart disease is due to fetal heart and vascular abnormalities caused the
vascular malformation of the heart, is the most common heart disease in children period.

Including atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus,
tetralogy of Fallot, such as great vessels, pulmonary stenosis, coarctation of the aorta
and so on.
The past 20 years due to advanced modern inspection technology development and low-
temperature anesthesia, cardiopulmonary bypass and cardiac surgery in progress, many
common congenital heart disease to get an accurate diagnosis and cure, some of the complex
heart defects can also be into surgical treatment.
1, causes: Have any effect on fetal cardiac embryonic development factors are likely to cause heart
malformations, such as the pregnant mother suffering from rubella, influenza, mumps,
Coxsackie virus infection, diabetes, hypercalcemia, etc. maternal radiation exposure;
pregnancy A mother taking anti-cancer drugs or drugs such as sugar-ning.
Second, clinical manifestations: 1, children may be more growth and development of children lagging behind their peers, and
susceptibility to respiratory infections.
2, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus is usually
no bruising early, but the violent activities or bruising may occur after laugh or cry,
age, growth, development that may occur when the late bruising. Right to left shunt
congenital heart disease, severe heart malformations, such as tetralogy of Fallot in
children or a few weeks after birth, there can be bruising for several months, and
gradually increased.
3, cardiac auscultation, at the left edge of the sternum systolic murmur could be heard.
4, tetralogy of Fallot in children in the activities, the need for frequent squat to rest,
to relieve shortness of breath, and sometimes may occur syncope (a temporary change in
brain hypoxia), and even life-threatening ventilation; In addition, tetralogy of 4 of
Fallot children's fingers, toes swollen like a drum-like ends, saying clubbed fingers
(toes).
In addition, the atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect and patent ductus
arteriosus often susceptible to pneumonia, heart failure-prone, tetralogy of Fallot can
often complicated by cerebral thrombosis, brain abscess, the addition of atrial septal
defect with congenital heart disease are easy to outer complicated by bacterial
endocarditis.
3, diagnostic measures: Can be used for cardiac X-ray imaging, electrocardiogram and heart sound look
echocardiography. Echocardiography the diagnostic value of the largest and can show atrial
septal, ventricular septal defect size, location, sub-flow of blood, and other vascular
malformations; in general should be made prior to surgery and cardiovascular angiography
cardiac catheterization in order to further clarify the diagnosis and good preoperative
preparation.
4, treatment methods: 1, surgical treatment: Congenital heart disease is a radical surgical treatment, generally
available at 4-5 years of age for surgery, such as symptoms of severe or persistent
bacterial endocarditis should control the operation in advance.
2, internal medicine treatment: congenital heart disease before medical treatment is
mainly to avoid the violent activity, to prevent or treat infections, if heart failure

Child anorexia to symptomatic treatment

In a growing number of "Xiao Pang Tun" has become the object of social concern, while more and more the phenomenon of child anorexia do not think diet, a diminutive child becomes a parent's "heart disease." Anorexia in children health, how much impact? How the formation of anorexia?

How to prevent and treat Xiaoeryansi?
According to pediatricians introduction, anorexia and abnormal feeding behavior of children of a disease can occur for children of all ages, but more common in children 1 to 6 years of age.
With the rapid socio-economic development, people increasingly wide range of feeding, more and more species, more complex, resulting in children's diet is unreasonable or disorder, thereby enabling children are seeing a gradual increase in the incidence of anorexia trends, particularly staggering incidence of urban children.
Protracted disease course of time, child growth and development, nutritional status and intellectual development in varying degrees.
Caused by a common cause of anorexia
Under normal circumstances, causing loss of appetite, there are two common causes: a result of local or systemic diseases affect the digestive functions, such as acute and chronic hepatitis, chronic enteritis, for various reasons, such as diarrhea and chronic constipation, gastrointestinal diseases, tuberculosis, or other acute and chronic infections such as systemic diseases, zinc, iron and trace elements such as the lack of, etc.; one is the central nervous system by the human body to stimulate the effects of internal and external environment, so that the regulation of gastrointestinal digestive function right out of balance, such as parents and a lack of scientific feeding knowledge, due to the unreasonable feeding led to Xiaoeryansi, mostly manifested in not timely complementary feeding, forced feeding, greedy snacks, the partial eclipse, and several other areas.
Reasonable treatment for the cause
Western medicine treatment of anorexia, mainly symptomatic treatment mainly focus on restoring the digestive function in children. If found to lower blood zinc, zinc under doctor's orders; to give domperidone to promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, etc.. Traditional Chinese Medicine believes that medical treatment will seek the book, is the right cause for treatment.
Anorexia for children of this urgency, it is necessary to conduct Differential Treatment. At the same time a concrete analysis of specific situations. Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of anorexia have a greater advantage, the first child syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine mainly being introduced, combined with massage, chiropractic, auricular point sticking and other comprehensive treatment, to obtain a better therapeutic effect.
A correct understanding of the role of food
1. Is not a high-protein, high-fat foods on the proportion of major benefit to children. Childhood supplement rich in protein is very important. However, excessive protein intake will make the final product of nitrogen metabolism to produce too much, increasing the burden on liver and kidney.
2. Parents should correct misconceptions on the diet, and afraid that their children eat less than the psychological state of the food should not be too fine, to increase the carbohydrate and crude fiber foods proportion. 3. To train kids to develop good eating habits.
Parents should educate their children eat or not eat snacks, to develop their regular, regular quantity of good eating habits; for the child eat to create a good psychological environment, not force feeding, to avoid the children in the rebellious refusal to eat.

Children's Psychological Factors anorexia

Child anorexia of the most common psychological factors:

1. Children's central nervous system adverse psychological stimuli such as shock, fear, tension, Beiku, etc., may lead to digestive disorders, loss of appetite;
2. Parents asking too much for their children to limit their children's activities, such as the prohibition to play with other children in the meal on the table before and reprimanded the child will affect the children's mood and appetite, resulting in a child anorexia;
3. When a child loss of appetite, the use of coercion or intimidation to force a child means eating, often children are more rebellious and refused to eat;
4. Very much spoiled, unlimited accommodate children, for children to develop self-willed and always on a non-threatening eating habits of adults to achieve their goals;
5. Life irregular, the children sleep too late, resulting in lack of sleep, excessive fatigue, caused by loss of appetite;
6. Time to eat too much, "eat hurt," or lack of eating partners in the same age, or poor food cooking or the eating environment, confusion, poor appetite can make a child, leading to anorexia.

Children's cold misconception 5

Colds, respiratory infections are the most common pediatric diseases. According to medical observation, a child within a year, often repeated several times as much as a cold, particularly in infants and preschool children colds. Some parents in the treatment of colds and respiratory diseases in children when there are many errors, the experts remind parents to pay attention.
Misconception 1: There is a heavy nasal is a cold?

Especially in young children, especially in an age often will hear a grunt nose, such as respiratory secretions, in which the shuttle, that is, Bishi, of course, a manifestation of sputum (respiratory secretions). The mothers are concerned about your baby a cold, but in fact most are multi-considered. The main reason is just because of the excessive accumulation and slowly dried Nianzhu nasal secretions for the above phenomena, in particular, no fever, activity and other changes, not to worry, as long as the form good habits and a good nose and clean each day, within the secretions of the above would not have happened.
As for what the case is a real rhinitis? The answer is when the doctor found to have inflammation in the nasal cavity, namely, redness, swelling, caused by the increase in nasal secretions when we can come to this diagnosis.
Misconception 2: cold on the use of antibiotics
Virus or bacteria can cause colds. The common cold virus belonging to a cold virus, bacteria, colds are caused by bacterial cold. Antibiotics only for bacterial cold be useful.
In fact, many belong to the common cold virus cold. The strict sense, the right viral influenza, and there is no effective drug, only symptomatic treatment, without the need for the use of antibiotics. You may have had this experience, cold a habit of buying some cold medicine at the pharmacy, while a slight increase in antibiotic use. In fact antibiotics at this time is useless, a waste is also abused.
Misconception 3: There sputum expectoration sound should shoot back?
The so-called respiratory system include: nasal cavity, throat, trachea and bronchi, as well as the lungs, resulting in the location of sputum can be any of the above one, mostly due to infections, such as infection. When the children hear the sound of breathing with sputum, it should first judge themselves or ask doctors to help understand whether there is phlegm ─ ─ that is, in the last position of the throat above, or in the next ─ ─ namely, the trachea or lung, if the former, it not necessary to give shoot sputum, but need to be carefully removed nasal or throat secretions is; Of course, if indeed endotracheal sputum sound, then the rules need to be given shoot sputum.
Misconception 4: injection, "gamma globulin" Prevention of flu
Children often cold, so that parents are anxious, listening to people say that this is a low resistance reasons, RBI, "gamma globulin" will play a role in preventing colds, but the injection of a period of time, but can not see little effect.
"Gamma globulin" is derived from the plasma extract of biological agents, with the present technology, there is still danger of contamination is not 100% secure. Third, only pairs of specific immune globulin less than one of the lack of work, shows that their ability to improve immune function is very limited, let alone play a role in preventing colds.
Experts advise: baby love influenza, find out the reasons is the key: malnutrition caused by decreased immunity, such as a lack of vitamin A; the cold fear of children, some elderly, with a total to cover their baby too Yanyanshishi, so that the child's tolerance is very low , "fragile"; multiple re-use of antibiotics also cause resistance to decline; if not the above reasons, you should consider the disease factors, such as allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis in children is also a love of frequent colds, which requires first the disease cure.
Misconception 5: It is necessary to eat cough cough medicine?
On the human body, the cough is a physiological reflex, when the respiratory tract undue infiltration in the material inhaled or inflammation, then upload this a message to the brain in the medulla oblongata cough vertebrae, causing intense reflection on the campaign aimed at The tracheal foreign body removed, so it would have severe coughing and speed, the air discharged from the depths of the throat, while a foreign body will be emitted.
From the above point of view, cough is a self-protection mechanism, the human body is useful. In addition to first determine the cough with sputum or no sputum cough difference between the outside (the former should increase fluid intake, and to consider whether to use phlegm drugs), the other should also consider a dry cough has caused discomfort in life, if they can not sleep, eat a cough or vomiting they only need to consider the appropriate cough medicines.

Recurrent cold causes

1, lack of exercise
Children very rarely participate in outdoor activities, while the lack of necessary training, children are often relatively poor physical condition.

2, lack of nutrition
Calcium deficiency in children are easy flu, because these children lack the body protein, so the formation of antibodies is also less. Calcium deficiency in children is often a lack of vitamin D, lack of vitamin D would affect the respiratory function of a child's development.
In addition, the lack of trace elements such as iron, zinc and so on will affect the child's resistance force.
3, air pollution
If people smoking at home, children are often the greatest danger collected.
4, oral disease
Children with chronic oral lesions, such as chronic rhinitis, sinusitis, dental caries and so on.
5, temperature
When the turn of the season, when hot or cold will cause the child very suited.
6, contact infection
General, easily a child suffering from a cold should avoid crowded public places to go, because, where the personnel situation is complicated, easily cross-infection occurred, believe the children would easily be infected.
View of this, to prevent recurrent respiratory tract infections in children, parents need to do is not to buy the children to enhance resistance to drugs, more importantly, doing care work and change some bad habits.

Four Misunderstandings treatment of children with cough alert

In daily life, many parents prefer to use their "common sense" treatment of children with cough, does not know that these "common sense" may also be wrong.

Experts point out that parents in the diagnosis and treatment of children with cough, they should guard against the following four errors:
Misunderstanding 1: pediatric cough and nasal congestion, runny nose is not directly related
Children have a lot of coughing and stuffy nose symptoms of runny nose, but parents often only treatment for symptoms of cough did not know that nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea is the main reason for cough in children.
Children with short nasal cavity, nasal passages narrow, nasal soft, blood vessel-rich, easy to cause nasal congestion runny nose, causing nasal secretions back to stimulate the throat and bronchial mucous membranes, causing cough in children. Which contain decongestants pseudoephedrine components of compound preparation can not only relieve nasal congestion, runny nose, but also to help alleviate the cough.
Misunderstanding 2: Pediatric cough first to use anti-inflammatory drugs
Many parents think that children with cough is a respiratory tract inflammation, so use anti-inflammatory drugs, in fact, this would bring a lot of adverse effects in children. Cough in children is not only stimulated by a respiratory infection caused by inflammation, allergies, dust, foreign body stimulation may also cause cough in children, if not symptomatic, taking anti-inflammatory drugs not only for the treatment of cough, unhelpful, but also produce the gastrointestinal tract and kidney toxicity side-effects.
Misunderstanding 3: You can use cough in children adult cough medicine
Some parents do not know how agents of the Road, do not understand the difference between children and adults, children can also be mistaken for adults taking drugs, simply halve or reduce the dosage on the line, but in fact this would be extremely harmful. Pediatric and adult body weight is not only different, more physiological and pathological aspects of the differences, such as children because of the liver, kidney and other organs develop imperfect, the enzyme phylogeny is not complete, poor drug metabolism, it is prone to adverse reactions, and should therefore be Select products designed specifically for children.
Misunderstanding four: that children with cough are common, Keke would be a good Coughing is a very common symptom of children, but the majority of coughs are the signals of certain diseases, in particular the development of children's respiratory system is very immature, there is no way to effectively when sputum expectoration of sputum, but will remain in the sputum the respiratory tract, not only increase the inflammation and cough, but also is easy for the virus spread to other parts of the lungs and increased the lead to illness or complications. Therefore, children should be timely investigation causes a cough treatment.

The treatment of children with enteritis

An antibiotic: bacterial enteritis can be treated with antibiotics. The drug-resistant bacteria due to a gradual change in medication guide when you need to by a physician, according to physician's prescription to take.
Some patient's symptoms just changed for the better on the withdrawal, the results due to inadequate medication, but chronic colitis, the course of time unhealed, affecting children's nutrition and health.
Second, intravenous drip: Diarrhea of the most dangerous as dehydration, children more easily than adults to dehydration, severe dehydration can weight more than l/10, dehydration mortality rate of up to 30%. Water can be added to reduce the mortality rate to 5% or less, so the best treatment for diarrhea for trivial.In the ill, intestinal swelling, does not absorb water, drink a watery diarrhea once a child in such a case the treatment must be bit by bit, add salt water and glucose; severe acidosis, when added alkaline solution, the lack of potassium supplement potassium when the sub - .
In addition to nutritional supplements electrolyte water bit by bit the water, there are antidiarrheal effect. When all antidiarrheal agents fails, bit by bit is the best Anti-diarrhea treatment.
3, food: diarrhea in severe cases moratorium feeding, so that gastrointestinal rest. Reduce illness after the first feeding with rice soup or dilute skim milk and then gradually increase the concentration. Do not fast for too long, so as not to become unhealthy nutrition, disease, in addition to still pay attention to the added vitamins. Some sick children as well as those who suffer from allergic diarrhea in need of special dietary treatment, it should be please to guide physicians. Diarrhea in children seems to be commonplace, but it is also the highest mortality disease, so serious is not her own medication, be sure to ask physician diagnosis and treatment prescription.

The clinical symptoms of enteritis in children

The clinical symptoms of enteritis in children What?
1, mild: one day stool frequency of 5 ~ 8 times, a slight fever, no dehydration.
2, medium degree: more than 10 times a day stool frequency, stool samples for water, sludge, bacterial with mucus, pus or blood, commonly known as "diarrhea." There dehydration and high fever; due to bacterial toxins, often causing cramps, lethargy, shock phenomena, severe and even death.
3, severe: 15 or more times a day stool, watery stool jet out, there is severe dehydration, that is, dry skin, sunken eyes, black eye socket, to reduce urination, thirst, anxiety, in addition there are blood acid disorders, respiratory discomfort, prostration, semi-coma state. Potassium deficiency and edema due to the relationship between the waist expansion of the phenomenon of intestinal paralysis. Without a timely manner of the treatment, mortality rate can reach 30%.

Children with diarrhea should be vigilant against four kinds of symptoms of

Once the children diarrhea, parents should be alert to the following four symptoms appear.

Vigilance body temperature of the thermal response of infant diarrhea is mainly fever, and mostly moderate fever (38.5 ℃ or so). This is common in by E. coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Shigella, Salmonella, rotavirus diarrhea caused by intestinal viruses. Diarrhea or fever may have preceded the beginning of the diarrhea. Meanwhile, the children are not pastimes, do not want to eat, weary, crying and other performance. Some pathogens do not cause fever, diarrhea, and even slightly lower than normal body temperature. Need to guard against is, diarrhea or when diarrhea occurs earlier than the high fever (39 ℃ above), which is bacterial toxin poisoning symptoms, it is necessary and timely treatment.
Vigilance apathetic in general mild diarrhea in children, is the spirit will not be apathetic, drowsiness, convulsions, convulsions, convulsions, coma and other symptoms, in the event of which some of the symptoms, especially diarrhea or diarrhea as early as the beginning The symptoms, should promptly seek medical treatment.
Vigilance in children with diarrhea, bloody stools are loose stools most frequently, watery stools, egg patterns will be, yellow or green it would have a small amount of mucus.
Children with diarrhea, five times a day or so. Child diarrhea, if it occurs in with a blood-streaked or bloody stools, pus-like then, each time the amount will be less, but do not want them sitting on the potty, there may be diarrhea, or diarrhea, or Campylobacter EHEC diarrhea should immediately seek medical treatment.
Guard against dehydration if the child more than the number of diarrhea, stool volume, dehydration and more symptoms of dehydration may occur at this time should be timely transfusion to prevent the children acidosis.

Prevention and treatment of neonatal pneumonia

Neonatal pneumonia is the neonatal period (from birth to at least 28 days) a common disease. During this time the child can cause pneumonia and many reasons can be divided into two categories: one category is aspiration pneumonia, one is infected with pneumonia.

Aspiration pneumonia, but also the amniotic fluid aspiration pneumonia, meconium aspiration pneumonia and milk aspiration pneumonia. Pneumonia mainly occurred in the first two children were born before and at birth, due to various causes fetal hypoxia, fetal hypoxia, will produce breathing movements in the womb, it may inhale amniotic fluid and meconium. These two kinds of pneumonia, are more serious and require hospitalization. Milk aspiration pneumonia is due to newborns (especially premature infants, low birth weight infants) oropharyngeal or esophageal reflex immature, uncoordinated muscle movements, often choking milk or milk reflux occurring phenomenon, the milk has been triggered by inhalation of respiratory tract pneumonia.
Another type of pneumonia is infectious pneumonia. Neonatal infectious pneumonia, there are two cases, one is intrauterine infection, one is infected after birth. Intrauterine-acquired pneumonia is due to the mother during pregnancy, were infected with certain viruses or bacteria, through the blood circulation into the placenta, and later into the baby's blood. Thus, in the mother during pregnancy, the fetus would suffer from pneumonia. The infectious pneumonia after birth, can occur at any time in the neonatal period.
After birth, neonatal pneumonia, infectious pneumonia is the most common, mainly caused by a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, bacterial or viral infection of the main. The reason is often because adults derived from pneumonia. In close contact with family members of newborns suffering from respiratory tract infection or respiratory tract, if contaminated, would be through the air or direct contact with the virus to baby at birth. Resistance due to poor newborns and adults suffering from common cold, the child is likely to suffer from pneumonia. In addition, children in other parts of the infection, such as omphalitis, skin infections, oral infections, the virus can also spread through the blood circulation to the lungs caused by pneumonia.
How to Identify neonatal pneumonia?
There is no specific performance and infants and young children or older children very different from the symptoms of pneumonia, neonatal pneumonia and almost no fever, cough, sputum and other symptoms of pneumonia. Specific symptoms is only the spirit of good, light, or cry crying and breathing rates increase quickly, do not like to suck the breast, Tunai, choke or vomit milk foam.
Problem prone to premature babies, low birth weight infants, developmental defects in infants, difficult children, especially hypoxic infants, a higher risk of neonatal pneumonia occurred.
Neonatal pneumonia, the chest film is very important to a medical examination may not hear pulmonary rales, chest X-ray film to confirm the diagnosis.
How to care of newborn pneumonia baby?
To improve the living environment of the indoor air to be baby fresh, proper ventilation, windows close when you should pay attention to avoid air convection. Room temperature is best maintained at 18 ~ 22 ℃; maintain proper humidity in winter can use the humidifier, or put a radiator on the sink, a damp cloth and so on. Indoor air is too dry, the impact of sputum discharge, additional breathing more difficult. Attention to respiratory care and attention to dress covers it all will not affect the child breathing, should always stand up to the baby change position, increase lung ventilation, reducing pulmonary congestion and promote mucus discharge. Baby nasal if dry scab, using cotton swabs dipped in water removed, to prevent the nasal obstruction caused by poor breathing.
To prevent choking or head-up tilt should pick up the breast-feeding, every moment to eat milk and should be allowed to re-feed your baby a break.
How to prevent neonatal pneumonia?
Neonatal pneumonia can be prevented, and should begin during the birth.
Amniotic fluid or meconium aspiration pneumonia, the key to prevention is to prevent fetal intrauterine hypoxia. Mother have regular prenatal care during pregnancy is very necessary, especially in late pregnancy may be to detect fetal hypoxia, such as found in pregnancy-induced hypertension, fetal position is not correct, umbilical cord entanglement, compression, prolonged pregnancy, which may cause Intrauterine hypoxia factors, obstetricians will take the appropriate care and treatment measures to minimize the occurrence of aspiration pneumonia and reduce the severity of the disease.
For the infection of neonatal pneumonia, from the mother during pregnancy should begin prevention. Pregnant mothers to do well during pregnancy, health care, maintain a clean living environment, but also pay attention to personal hygiene to prevent infectious diseases. Child is born, to give the child a clean and comfortably furnished living space, the children used clothing, diapers should be soft, clean, feeding utensils should be used for disinfection. Contact with parents and other relatives of children in the care of neonatal wash your hands when you pay attention.
In particular, emphasized that an adult suffering from a cold as far as possible to avoid contact with newborns, if the mother's cold, should wear a mask to take care of children and breast-feeding. Guests coming to visit the newborn, we must politely refuse.

Baby cough six major symptoms and treatment measures

Children heard a cough, parents are always worried.

Misunderstandings of cough in children In fact, from a medical point of view, coughing is a normal physiological defense reflex to help clear the respiratory tract mucus.

Three children under the age of poor cough reflex, sputum difficult to discharge, if the parents see the children with a cough, we may give a strong cough medicine, cough temporarily suspended, but the sputum can not be successfully discharged, while a large number of plot is in the trachea and bronchus can cause airway blockage. In addition, the kids get out of bed the morning there are several more gently cough, which is physiological phenomenon, but clean up accumulated in the respiratory tract of mucus at night, parents do not worry.

That parents must listen carefully to observe the baby's cough, to identify the disease.

Symptoms of a cough: a cough with phlegm, wheezing, or not accompanied by shortness of breath, cough day or night.

Other symptoms: drowsiness, runny nose, tears, and accompanied by mild fever (usually not more than 38.6 ℃). Culprit: the common cold, nose, sinuses, throat and lung the main airway viral infection. Under normal circumstances cough will continue throughout the cold process (about 7 to 10 days), cough, and sometimes the time will be longer (about half a month to 20 days or so). Approach: try to keep the child clean the nasal cavity, nasal congestion or a runny nose, cough will aggravate the symptoms.

Will not be blowing his nose for infants or young children, parents can use the ball nose suction device to help children clean up the nasal cavity. If a child's cough and stuffy nose symptoms lasted for many days yet to see improvement, it should be with children to see a doctor.

He may be suffering from sinusitis (caused by colds bacterial infection), or some other diseases such as asthma, allergies, pneumonia, or lymph node enlargement.

Baby cold cough convalescent diet prevention methods Cold, fever, cough, diarrhea, children are more recent, my approach is prevention. First, in their daily diet to improve children's immunity, cook garlic porridge, in the corresponding multi-cuisine, adding mushrooms, such as mushrooms, Flammulina, etc.; easier to cough from the cold outside baby come back, you can bake orange baby to eat, the chopsticks tie in the orange on the black leather on the fire on the Kaozhi can take the heat. 1-year-old baby one at a time within a small kumquat, large orange 2-3 can be, one to three babies doubled the number of this therapeutic approach is very effective against the cold cough. Heat and hot lead Hyperactivity cough cough, upper respiratory tract problems easily, bronchitis, sore throat, hair sticks and other issues are derived from this, so everyday is very important to Qingfei heat.

Mangosteen can give the child to drink water, jade butterfly, sweet almond amount, less than 4 per day, rock sugar Sydney Chuanbei / Loquat right babies are quite safe and effective, should be noted that a baby under the age of do not choose that contains honey, or else easily lead to botulinum toxin poisoning.

A cold, fever, runny nose, a child the first to suggest physical cooling, flow clear the nose of the child is recommended Artemsia argyi boils water to bathe, and so did baby sweat out of the bathroom and then hold up to washing three times will be effective, and adults returning from outdoor use in winter

This method is also very effective; such as a stuffy nose can be a child forehead hot towel can relieve stuffy nose symptoms, cold water, child diet recommendations brown sugar, ginger, scallion stalk soup, fever, children can use the root Jianshui Lu fever, the effect is good, then does not harm the stomach.

Children suffering from the summer heat disease alert

Child had a fever, and a volume of more than 38 ℃, using the anti-fever medicine also does not work, parents think their children because of a cold or upper respiratory tract infection which leads to fever, but no other symptoms ... ... the last few days, due to continuous high temperatures because of fever to a hospital addition of up children, some of which have a small baby's fever and viruses and bacteria does not matter, they are suffering from the summer heat, also called "heat disorder." According to Chinese medicine hospital in Zhengzhou City, Dr. Wang Xiaoyan, director of pediatrics, said patients suffering from heat baby fever above 38 ℃ in, 40 ℃ below, but less sweating, mental state after the baby sick Fortunately, sometimes there may be some indigestion or flu-like symptoms, the main symptoms are fever, but the temperature rarely exceeds 40 ℃, fever usually runs from early in the morning, in the daytime temperature increased gradually in the afternoon decreased gradually to minimize the evening are available from the next morning began increased. "Moreover, there is a clear heat disease is characterized by taking antipyretics no effect, but if the baby into an environment that places a lower temperature, body temperature will naturally come down." Xiaoyan said, In addition, this disease baby in general the total is the thirst like water, drink more because of the increased frequency of urination, and urine output.
WANG Xiao-yan said that the reason why your baby will suffer from heat stress disorders, and infection and no relationship was mainly due to the high summer temperatures, while the children, especially babies under the age of three due to their own body temperature regulation function and development center is not perfect, heat and cooling functional imbalance, so six, seven, eight months hot weather, it is easy to suffer from heat stress disorders, the weather stayed cool and can be self-limiting. Temperature rise is caused due to environmental temperature.
In order to prevent babies suffering from heat stress disorder, parents should pay attention to preventive measures. Hot days when you do not give your baby wear too much or too thick, so as not to affect your body heat; attention to adjust the ambient temperature, such as the use of air conditioners or go to a cool place to live; determine the baby immediately after suffering from heat disorders placed in room temperature 22 ℃ ~ 25 ℃ room, baby wash warm bath also has cooling effect, but should pay attention to water temperature is lower than body temperature 3 ℃ ~ 4 ℃, each 20 to 30 minutes, washed 2 to 3 times a day; pay attention to your baby to drink some water melon juice , mung bean soup, melon, water and other beverages to complement the body to lose water to give light diet; may be under the guidance of Chinese medicine, taking some of Qingshu Qi, nourishing yin and clearing away heat heat disease prevention and control of proprietary
Chinese medicines or medicated. Reminded that if the baby 3 to 4 days after the body temperature does not drop, or high fever convulsions and other symptoms, it is necessary and timely medical treatment.

Children's summer to be alert to four kinds of disease

The following summer, easy high incidence of childhood diseases, mothers who want special attention.
Gastrointestinal diseases:
Intestinal diseases in the summer mainly bacterial infection. The greatest taboo in children in summer cold, hot, greasy to eat together; before meals to eat fruit, cold drink habits, easily lead to a child could not eat meals to the disruption of food laws, resulting in abnormal secretion of digestive juice a child. In addition, parents must be reasonable grasp the child "imported" the number of cold drinks and not merely to satisfy the requirements of the child.
Respiratory:
For infants and young children, there are two common special pay particular attention to upper respiratory tract infection: herpetic angina, major clinical manifestations for sustained high fever, sore throat, salivation, poor feeding, vomiting, physical examination can be found a number of pharyngeal gray herpes, Zhou around to flush, since herpes is pain and anxiety in children often crying a few days, can not eat; pharyngeal conjunctival fever is another summer-prone special type of upper respiratory tract infection, fever, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis is characterized by the clinical manifestations of high fever, sore throat, eye irritation.
Both diseases are caused by viral infection, clinical treatment aimed fever, can choose physical cooling, such as: warm sponge bath, ice pillow, etc. can also be oral paracetamol, ibuprofen and other anti-fever drugs, some heat can also be oral detoxification of traditional Chinese medicine, such as: Banlangen granules,
Shuanghuanglian oral liquid, usually without antibiotics. Home care is very important, is to enable children with adequate rest, more water flows into the semi-digestible food, do not eat hot food, if not secondary bacterial infection or other complications occur, generally 1-2 weeks can be self - more. Diseases: Mainly through the mosquito-borne Japanese encephalitis, 90% of patients occurred in 7,8,9 for three months, especially in children aged 2 to 7 the highest incidence. Sick children are often more abrupt onset, fever in 1 to 2 days up to 39 ~ 40 ℃, accompanied by headache, nausea and vomiting jet, while accompanied by lethargy and mental fatigue more than was followed by confusion, convulsions, and even respiratory failure, life-threatening. The family to prevent the need to improve awareness of disease prevention, outside the room to install the screens to eliminate mosquitoes and prevent mosquito bites.
Skin: Summer the children most prone to skin of prickly heat. Children suffering from prickly heat to avoid scratching, do not use hot water or alkaline soap, or can use cold water stimulation, use warm water bath, partial can be Waicha antipruritic.
Secondary infection that had been suffering from impetigo children, should wash bath, diligence and clipping the nails. The impetigo lesion Tu chlortetracycline, neomycin ointment, etc., should not abuse of "Fuqing Song" and other hormones ointment to be prescribed by a doctor with antibiotics. For some spirit of the poor, loss of appetite, facial micro-swelling in children, we must guard against acute nephritis, urine routine examination needs to be done.

Five kinds of flu complications in children with care

Simple cold does not matter, the frightening thing is there danger of medicine known as the complications, often leading to exacerbations and even deadly curse that parents should not be taken lightly ah!
Rhinitis A normal baby's nasal mucous membrane rich in blood vessels, in particular, soft, delicate, nasal air into the lungs of the first pass, when the winter cold and the outside air to stimulate the bacteria, virus invasion, can nasal inflammation, nasal injury mucosal edema, hypertrophic changes, so that would have very narrow nasal aperture becomes narrower, and thus causing difficulty in breathing, nasal congestion, poor ventilation, mouth breathing, dry throat, easy to cough, and sometimes fat low heat, and some do not heat, this is the performance of rhinitis.
Tonsillitis
Tonsillitis is a common disease in childhood, most exist pharyngitis, tonsil sucklings period has not developed, 4-year-old to 12 years after the tonsils developed to a peak after the two sides in the mouth, tonsil surface, there are a number of recess, Once infected, children will be out sore throat, pharynx water, pharyngeal pain things, sometimes involves the roots of the ear pain, dry cough, weight, when fever, chills. Because the body's largest glands tonsil on the defensive since the human body functions, such as not always inflammation, does not advocate surgical removal, inflammation can be cured with anti-inflammatory drugs.
Nasolacrimal duct inflammation
More common in infants less than 1 year of age, this pipe is located between the eye canthus nasal cavity of a downlink channel, rhinitis, inflammation is easy when the Department until the eye up to the nasion, two conjunctival redness, hyperemia, tearing, flow tears, eye discharge, redness of skin between the eye and nose, slightly swollen, blood vessels are particularly abundant in this area, organizations are especially soft, Cheng Xu continued inflammation can spread to the brain up, and should arouse the parents attention.
Eustachian tube inflammation
Between the pharynx and the ear there is a channel called the Eustachian tube, the Eustachian tube in infants was the level of bits, pipe ends bit throat and ear, respectively, so there is inflammation of the throat when the easy to the ear along the pipeline, when the risk of suffering from pharyngitis children will be referred ear pain, ear canal with the otoscope can see red, there are secretions, or even pus, fever, pharyngitis is caused by the ear, it is timely to the ear doctor.
Laryngitis
Immediately throat throat is the narrowest part of the upper respiratory tract in case of inflammation, is easy for the entire respiratory tract of the cavity becomes more narrow and can cause airway obstruction, 2 ~ 3 years old child easy to contracting this disease, to diagnosis were are acute, in children with respiratory difficulties, hold your breath, hoarse voice, aphonia, irritability, sweating head, limbs, chills, severe airway obstruction due to causes tissue hypoxia, caused by the brain, heart, kidneys suffer.
Diseases described above, when the disease is not an absolute separation, sometimes at the same time the disease, the symptoms are sometimes intertwined. Winter weather is cold, the temperature suddenly changes, and pediatric flu easily have been recorded in children under the age of 5 average in each of the 4 ~ 6 times, increased with age will be gradually reduced. 90% of flu caused by viral infection, mostly due to the crowd through droplets of respiratory tract infections, especially crowded places, more easily transmitted.

Baby cough six major symptoms and treatment measures

A hearing the children's cough, parents are always worried. Misunderstandings of cough in children
In fact, from a medical point of view, coughing is a normal physiological defense reflex to help clear the respiratory tract mucus.
Three children under the age of poor cough reflex, sputum difficult to discharge, if the parents see the children with a cough, we may give a strong cough medicine, cough temporarily suspended, but the sputum can not be successfully discharged, while a large number of plot is in the trachea and bronchus can cause airway blockage. In addition, the kids get out of bed the morning there are several more gently cough, which is physiological phenomenon, but clean up accumulated in the respiratory tract of mucus at night, parents do not worry.
That parents must listen carefully to observe the baby's cough, to identify the disease. Symptoms of a cough: a cough with phlegm, wheezing, or not accompanied by shortness of breath, cough day or night.
Other symptoms: drowsiness, runny nose, tears, and accompanied by mild fever (usually not more than 38.6 ℃).
Culprit: the common cold, nose, sinuses, throat and lung the main airway viral infection. Under normal circumstances cough will continue throughout the cold process (about 7 to 10 days), cough, and sometimes the time will be longer (about half a month to 20 days or so). Approach: try to keep the child clean the nasal cavity, nasal congestion or a runny nose, cough will aggravate the symptoms. Will not be blowing his nose for infants or young children, parents can use the ball nose suction device to help children clean up the nasal cavity. If a child's cough and stuffy nose symptoms lasted for many days yet to see improvement, it should be with children to see a doctor. He may be suffering from sinusitis (caused by colds bacterial infection), or some other diseases such as asthma, allergies, pneumonia, or lymph node enlargement.
Baby cold cough convalescent diet prevention methods
Cold, fever, cough, diarrhea, children are more recent, my approach is prevention. First, in their daily diet to improve children's immunity, cook garlic porridge, in the corresponding multi-cuisine, adding mushrooms, such as mushrooms, Flammulina, etc.; easier to cough from the cold outside baby come back, you can bake orange baby to eat, the chopsticks tie in the orange on the black leather on the fire on the Kaozhi can take the heat. 1-year-old baby one at a time within a small kumquat, large orange 2-3 can be, one to three babies doubled the number of this therapeutic approach is very effective against the cold cough.
Heat and hot lead Hyperactivity cough cough, upper respiratory tract problems easily, bronchitis, sore throat, hair sticks and other issues are derived from this, so everyday is very important to Qingfei heat. Mangosteen can give the child to drink water, jade butterfly, sweet almond amount, less than 4 per day, rock sugar Sydney Chuanbei / Loquat right babies are quite safe and effective, should be noted that a baby under the age of do not choose that contains honey, or else easily lead to botulinum toxin poisoning. A cold, fever, runny nose, a child the first to suggest physical cooling, flow clear the nose of the child is recommended Artemsia argyi boils water to bathe, and so did baby sweat out of the bathroom and then hold up to washing three times will be effective, and adults returning from outdoor use in winter This method is also very effective; such as a stuffy nose can be a child forehead hot towel can relieve stuffy nose symptoms, cold water, child diet recommendations brown sugar, ginger, scallion stalk soup, fever, children can use the root Jianshui Lu fever, the effect is good, then not Shang Wei. Fever, cough, cold medicine can not just eat
Cough 2: issued by the throat, slightly hoarse cough, cough from time to time look, and sometimes a dry cough, sometimes with sputum. Cough 2: issued by the throat, slightly hoarse cough, cough from time to time look, and sometimes a dry cough, sometimes with sputum. Other symptoms: the child was lethargic, there are itchy throat irritation, headache, back pain, muscle and leg muscles, but also a runny nose, fever, nausea. Culprit: influenza, respiratory viral infections. Approach: If a child the following symptoms, parents should immediately take him to the hospital: more than 38.6 ℃ high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, do not want to drink). Cough 3: cough, sputum, or when accompanied by wheezing, shortness of breath, weak, or difficulty breathing. Other symptoms: at the beginning of the performance of the common cold symptoms, such as drowsiness, nasal congestion and so on, these symptoms last for about a week, some babies may be a high fever to 39.4 ℃. Children feel sleepy, when issued Huchihuchi breath sounds. Culprit: bronchiolitis. Is usually caused by respiratory syncytial virus, the most common in late autumn to early spring next year. Do not to be confused with bronchiolitis and bronchitis, bronchiolitis more common in infants and young children, bronchitis is more common in older children and adults of some. Approach: If the child breathing difficulties, or can not eat, drink, immediately took him to the hospital, the infant with bronchiolitis usually require hospitalization. If the child's symptoms are relatively minor (only without asthma symptoms such as difficulty in breathing), parents can put a child's room a humidifier to help him dispel the lungs of mucus, and make sure they drink enough water. Related Reading: What is bronchiolitis? Feeding your baby: baby cough, do not Chi Juzi
Cough 4: persistent cough, and often accompanied by wheezing or asthma
Cough 4: persistent coughing or wheezing, often accompanied by wheezing, coughing lasted more than 10 days, evening or after exercise condition will increase, and when children come into contact with pollen, cold air, animal dander, dust, or smoke when the cough will be increased.
Other symptoms: difficulty in breathing, or a child shortness of breath, difficulty and other symptoms.
Culprit: asthma, a chronic disease, lung small airway swelling, narrow, filled with mucus and the occurrence of spasm, causing difficulty breathing. Asthma caused by common factors such as irritants in the environment, viral infections and exercise. He noted that, fundamentally speaking, the children suffering from asthma, lungs are more sensitive. Treatment: Mild cases of asthma, chronic cough symptoms will appear, go to the hospital in order to double check diagnosis. If you have a family history of allergy, asthma history, should tell their doctor, because in this case, the more likely the child sick. Cough 5: severe cough and hoarse array - an array of cough breath up to 25 under. Suction force when the child will be issued a sharp ringing roar.
Other symptoms: coughing before symptoms appear, there had been about one week of cold symptoms, but not fever. The baby's condition may be more serious, sometimes even a snot bubble situation.
Culprit: whooping cough, which is a highly infectious throat, trachea and lung bacterial infections. Such a vaccine has not vaccinated their children more likely illness. (As usual, the baby in 2 months, 4 months and 6 months when the vaccination, at 1-year-old to 1 year and a half between the re-vaccination, but also between the ages of 4 to 6 vaccinated once. While the adults infected with whooping cough only a slight cough.) Approach: If the week-long children's cough did not improve, parents should take him to see a doctor to control the cough.
Regardless of severity, the baby's cough symptoms are caused by their parents should be sufficient attention, because it is cold, bronchitis, pharyngitis, asthma and other diseases performance. It is noteworthy that different diseases caused by coughing sound is different, if the parents know how to above, those relating to baby cough common sense, can understand the priorities of baby disease, which is helpful in treatment.

How to do oral care in children

Mouth temperature, humidity and food residue, ideal for bacterial growth and reproduction.
Healthy children, strong body resistance, generally do not cause disease. When children
are sick, due to decreased immunity the body, drinking water, eating less, saliva
secretion was also limited, as the bacteria multiply and create the conditions, it can
easily lead to inflammation of the mouth, so that oral mucosal ulceration, resulting in
bad breath, and even affect the sick child appetite and digestive function, but also can
result in laryngitis, otitis media, suppurative parotitis and lower respiratory tract
infections such as pneumonia complications. Therefore are neither brush your teeth, gargle
a sick child, do oral care is very important.
Oral care for the sick child to do wash their hands before, so that sick children side
with a towel or cloth single-Wai in the submandibular and pillows on the sick child to
prevent the wet clothes and pillows. When do care to clamp the grip with saline, warm
water, or 1-3% of the soda water-soaked cotton balls (cotton stick dipped into the liquid
baby wipe can be used), the first gum brush cheeks inside and outside, and then rub inside
and gingival the tongue, teeth, the occlusal surface. Each wipe a part of, or at least to
replace a cotton ball. Note Do not touch the throat in order to avoid nausea. If the sick
child without mouth, can be used thumb, index finger to pinch the cheeks sick child, if
necessary, can be used spatula or spoon handle to help distraction. After scrubbing, wipe
with a towel, face and mouth, lips dry and the children can be coated with lip oil or
vegetable oil; a mouth ulcer for more thorough cleaning, when circumstances so require
coated with aureomycin cod liver oil, nystatin, ice boron Bulk or other drugs.
Do oral care, the use of the items should be clean, disinfected before being used. Note
that too much cotton ball dipped into the solution is not to prevent respiratory tract
disease caused by inhalation liquid infant choking. Operation moves to be gentle, tampons
should be clamped to prevent the cotton ball fall into the oral cavity to the respiratory
tract by aspiration after the accident.

Common symptoms of 10 infants and young children should not be ignored

Infants when seemingly normal "symptoms" appeared, and some parents worry too much about, while some parents are too much at ease. So, what symptoms of infants and young children can not be "excessive ease" it? The following 11 introduction.
1, eye itching, with a total tear Conjunctivitis often arises after a cold, which are mostly caused by bacteria or viruses.
Usually have the following symptoms:
baby white eye reddening; eyes are often wet, and it is probably caused by a virus conjunctivitis; the eyes of foreign bodies are often white or yellow, which are mostly caused by bacteria; morning, the baby's eyelids often stick together; baby because the itching frequently rubbing the eyes.
Mom can take measures:
A, will wipe your baby's eyes. Methods: The daily scrub your baby's eyes, two times, soaking the cotton balls can be squeezed clean after the baby inside from the outside corner and gently wipe, cotton balls for Another rub the other eye.
B, the baby's towels and their families are separated. c, baby rubbing his eyes after going to wash the baby's hands, who was busy working mother, do not forget to wash their hands after. Recipe: In a clean cotton ball on a few drops of breast milk, baby's eyes light deposited.
Breast milk has natural anti-bacterial effect, can help your baby a speedy recovery.
2, long teeth pain Some babies are not painful when the long-deciduous, while others are exactly the opposite. 6 to 9 months, the baby's first teeth started to grow to 3 at the age of 20 before all the deciduous teeth longer homogeneous. When the baby will be more long-deciduous saliva; sometimes cheeks reddened, but also forced to pull his own ears; always crying.
Mom can take measures:
A, give baby some things bite hard. Let cool baby biting chunks of apple or carrot to relieve pain and swelling of his gums.
B, give your baby to drink cold water. You can also read that this is: how early diagnosis of whooping cough 3, ear itch and cause fever 3, ear itch and cause fever Otitis media is a common disease, baby, baby do not look happy do not want to suck the breast, the ear canal, there are sticky liquid, fever, became very sick.
Mom can take measures:
a, hot water with cotton balls soaked baby earlobe gently clean up on the foreign body, careful not to rub the ears.
b, baby shampoo, or bath water when you pay attention not to let the ears. Recipe:
Let your baby's ear infection pillow soft cloth in warm to relieve his pain.
4, tonsil swelling uncomfortable Baby is suffering from tonsillitis, the main symptoms are: throat discomfort, fever, enlarged red tonsils.
Mom can take measures:
A, give your baby to drink water.
B, baby feeding soft easy to swallow food.
5, asthma, persistent cough Asthma is caused by inflammation of the lungs. Symptoms are: baby's persistent cough, particularly severe at night; cold time after strenuous exercise, or by the impact of animal fur or dust, the babies often have breathing sounds; shortness of breath. Bronchitis, less than one year old baby will make a serious breathing problem: baby's breath sound, cough, rapid breathing difficulty, difficulty breathing, blue around the mouth, not eating.
Mom can take measures:
a, well baby warm measures to calm him down.
B, to the baby water.
c, looked on the pillow so that your baby to sleep will help him to breathe smoothly.

6, stuffy nose, difficulty breathing
Cold is caused by a virus infection, most of the baby's cold symptoms 3 to 7 days can disappear.
Common symptoms include: baby often moves like a suction-like nose and breast-feeding difficulties (baby can not breathe while sucking side), fever, no appetite, sneezing and so on.
Mom can take measures:
a, in order to prevent dehydration baby should be fed between the two breast-feeding a lot of water, especially the milk-fed baby.
b, in order to breathe baby, the winter heat sink on a radiator hanging a wet towel so that the air is humid; the use of air-conditioned home, you can use the method mop the floor to increase humidity.
C, so that your baby plenty of rest, often hug him.
7, abdominal cramps, crying
Abdominal cramps often generated when large baby a few weeks, to continue until he was 3 months time.
Mainly in the evening attack, duration, ranging from a few minutes to several hours.
Obvious symptoms are: baby often at a fixed time for a long time crying, baby always knee attached to the stomach. Mom can take measures:
a, the end of each breast-feeding rooms and gently shake your baby.
B, with a baby take a walk.
8, eczema, itchy Is suffering from eczema, the baby's face is always the first symptoms.
When he begins to grow when the milk teeth will suck their fingers, around the baby's mouth will have spots.
Usually did not quiet, sleep efficiency is low, thin scratch marks on the skin, the skin becomes dry and rough; face spots may spread to the baby wrist, elbow or knee folds of the skin.
Mom can take measures:
a, baby clothing and bedding should be replaced with cotton to prevent skin irritations.
B, do not let your baby is too cold or too hot.
C, do not let your baby has long fingernails. One can always come to the baby wearing cotton gloves to prevent him from scratching the skin.
d, Do not give your baby used to add spice soap or baby bath. 9, thrush affect the feeding 9, thrush affect the feeding
Thrush is caused by a fungus, often appears in a certain humidity and temperature in places like the mouth, but sometimes also appear in the baby's buttocks and thigh.
Obvious symptoms:
There are milky white and protruding tongue with a paper towel lightly pressed on the bump on this milky white with red spots will see below, this white spots spread to the thigh from the bottom, baby do not eat.
Mom can take measures:
a, a pain if your baby sucking on the switch to spoon feeding.
b, to a nursing baby before or after changing diapers, mothers should wash their hands.
c, breastfeeding the baby's mother to keep the nipple clean and dry to prevent themselves being infected, you can go to the doctor prescribe some antibiotic ointment.
10, urinary tract infections
Urine infections can lead to long-term kidney disease, which is entered by the intestinal parasitic virus caused the baby's urinary system.
Symptoms include: newborn babies have ongoing symptoms of jaundice more than two weeks, a baby under the age of high fever, there is no reason at all, non-feeding, slow weight gain, vomiting, diarrhea.
Mom can take measures:
a, let your baby drink plenty of water to flush the urinary system.
b, diaper change, to ensure a clean baby wipe to prevent cross-infection.
Can be seen that some infants and young children often are not typical symptoms of the disease early, and change fast, the slightest carelessness, that may result in serious consequences, should be closely observed. You can continue reading this: a child's illness and early

Baby nasal congestion in five major causes and countermeasures

Nose plug, for adults only minor defects, while the babies are often a result shortness of breath, irritability, sleep difficulties, and even cause breast pump. Nasal breathing is the main thoroughfare baby can inhale wetting and filter the air, to maintain good health. However, the following five kinds of babies prone to nasal congestion conditions, leading to poor ventilation. Cold stuffy nose As the baby's body temperature regulation center is not quite perfect, tender weak nasal mucosa, respiratory tract resilience of poor, vulnerable to cold. Followed by acute edema of nasal mucosa, causing nasal congestion. Performance: nasal congestion runny nose, nose on both sides of reddish, some accompanied by fever. Countermeasures: 1. Babies born a half months, began to moderate to add cod liver oil; 4 months to begin adding complementary feeding, vitamin A, can be fed some liver paste, carrots mud, purée, enhance the respiratory tract defense capability. 2. When the air-conditioning, indoor and outdoor temperature can not contrast too much, baby rooms to 28 ~ 30 degrees Celsius is suitable. 3. With the temperature and humidity towel on the baby's nose to compress (not too hot), twice a day, each about 15 minutes. Acute sinusitis stuffy nose Influenza can affect the baby repeated sinus mucosa to congestive swelling, increased secretions, blocking the sinus ostium can cause acute sinusitis. Performance: In addition to nasal obstruction, pus nose, mouth breathing and other nasal symptoms, the heavier are fever, headache, sore throat, irritability and other symptoms. Countermeasures: 1. If the baby is suffering from the flu, should be actively treated. 2. Once won with acute sinusitis, in time with a child to the ENT doctor, the doctor under the guidance of rational choice of antibiotics to completely cure, prevent recurrence. 3. Baby stuffy nose serious, can be used with caution under the guidance of a doctor ephedrine Nitrofurazone drops 0.5% in the feeding 10 to 15 minutes before the drop of a drop on each side of the nose, generally a few minutes can make a difference. General may, before or breast-feeding before the point of sleep medicine. Note: The point of medicine, the head and later dumped to make babies in order to ensure the liquid trickle-down nose. However, there are side effects of ephedrine on the baby, not suitable for excessive or long-term use, so as not to cause atrophic rhinitis, affect the nasal olfactory sensitivity. 4. Baby pus nose for a long time, it may request a doctor to do replacement therapy, the purulent secretions in the sinuses cleared out. Nasal obstruction scab Every day there is a normal amount of nasal secretions, as baby will not be blowing his nose, my mother did not promptly remove the baby inside the nasal secretions, secretions will accumulate in the nasal passages, over time, accumulation of secretions would be dry and harden to form the nose scab. Performance: nose scab adhesion outside the mouth or deep in the nasal cavity, blocking the narrow nasal passages. Countermeasures: 1. In time for the baby clear nasal secretions, such as more, you can use nasal suction device gettering. 2. Clear the nose and hands to pull the scab when the baby's nose bogey so as to avoid injury feeble nasal mucosa, causing bleeding and infection. The correct way: If the nose and mouth callus blocking the nostrils that can be used sterile cotton swabs gently a small addition to its volume. If the nose and nasal cavity than in the depths of scale can be the first with normal saline, cold water or milk to the nose drops within 1 to 2 drops, so that the nose moist crust gradually softened, and then gently squeeze the nose, prompting a gradual loosening of the nose scab, then sterilized
Blockage Two-three years old baby curious, and sometimes play some small stones, small building blocks, small whistles, buttons, small rubber heads, bottle caps, Zhituan, love these little things to the nose frontier fortress; sometimes eating sunflower seeds , peanuts, Chao Dou, nuts squeezed nasal side of these things. Because of the baby's nose is small, these things into the go, not get himself out, did not dare to say to the parents, after they have forgotten, they remain in the nasal foreign body. Some babies suffer from eczema, nasal vestibule due to irritation, tearing, with the plug on something to relieve the itching of friction. Performance: the vast majority of the side of the nasal congestion, poor ventilation; if secondary infection, mucus gradually become purulent; if foreign body to stay too long, make nasal mucosa erosion, grow granulation, out of bloody nose, the odor . Countermeasures: 1. Educational baby develop good hygiene habits, do not plug anything into the nose chaos, once stuffed want to tell Mom and Dad, foreign body removed as soon as possible. 2. Parents should pay attention to observe the baby's breathing if it is found there is the side of the baby's nose and blocking phenomena occur, or of unknown causes pus nose, there is the smell, you should take your baby to see a doctor promptly. Allergic rhinitis nasal congestion Allergic rhinitis and two kinds of sub-seasonal and perennial. Perennial allergic rhinitis, the incidence throughout the year can be more by the fungi, dust mites, insect secretions, animal fur, etc., caused. Performance: nasal congestion significantly, sneezing more often runny nose. Countermeasures: 1. To avoid the child's exposure to dust, mites, fungi, animals, fur, feathers and other allergens. If no feather pillows, duvets and Simmons mattresses; Do not let your baby close to cats, dogs, birds and other pets. Spread the pollen season, with no baby to the flowers and wooded areas, let alone picking up and smell flowers. 2. Living room to carry it with wet dust removal, window ventilation, keep the air fresh. 3. Do not give your baby to eat spicy foods, fried foods and cooking seafood, do not abuse drink; eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, drink boiled water. 4. Often with a baby to the outdoor activities, wash hands with cold water to cultivate a good habit to enhance the body's ability to adapt to climate change the outside world and the resistance is conducive to disease prevention. 5. Under the guidance of a doctor to take the body and the local allergy treatment.