The purpose of respiration is carbon dioxide, breathing fresh air, to ensure that the process of gas exchange of normal. Characteristics of children with respiratory infancy as the most obvious.
Physiological characteristics:
(1) metabolism in children due to strong demand, but the volume of breathing characterized by anatomical limitations, only the increase in respiratory rate to meet the needs of metabolism. Age of the smaller, the faster respiratory rate, and the cerebral cortex and the respiratory center to regulate breathing worse, prone to shortness of breath, irregular breathing rhythm or suspension.
(2) infant and child respiratory muscle hypoplasia, thoracic scope of activities of small, positive abdominal breathing; with age, gradually developed respiratory muscles, diaphragm decline, ribs gradually tilted from the horizontal, there are mostly mixed children breathe, that is, chest-style breathing.
(3) vital capacity and tidal volume is relatively small, the total lung capacity ratio of moisture, and therefore poor respiratory reserve, hypoxia inadequate compensation, high incidence of respiratory dysfunction.
Immune characteristics:
Infant serum immunoglobulin IgM, IgG, IgA content of the lower respiratory tract is also a lack of mucosal secretory IgA. Secretory IgA and the mucosal surface is an important anti-bacterial and anti-viral immune factors, 12-year-old to reach adult levels in children with lower defense, susceptible to respiratory diseases.
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