Hand, foot and mouth disease is mainly caused by the intestinal virus, 4 years of age the baby susceptible to this disease. Is the source of infection in children and healthy persons carrying the virus.
Pediatric doctor in an interview with reporters, pointed out that every year at the turn of the incidence of summer, September is the peak of the last month, parents need to pay attention to. Baby suffering from hand, foot and mouth disease, is coughing and drooling, not love things, there are still some small voice blisters. The most typical process is the onset of fever medium heat (temperature at 39 ℃ or less), and then there pharyngodynia, child performance drooling, poor feeding. Children with no complications, about a week to recover. There will be a small number of children with nervous system symptoms, complications secondary to aseptic meningitis and skin infections, but very few after-effects.
Expert advice: the use of oral therapy and a variety of Banlangen Chongji vitamins, or antibiotics, cod liver oil coated the mouth, anti-inflammatory analgesic. If the children had oral ulcers, salty food should be avoided, or because of pain and the baby refused to eat.
Close NOTE: In the epidemic season and less to public places with your baby. The best preventive measure is the isolation of children, infants and young children to enhance health and reduce opportunities for transmission.
Friday, July 31, 2009
With baby to see a doctor four attention
Sick children, parents can imagine the feelings, but do not upset the ground, children's hospitals, the attention must not forget the four.
First of all, do not rely too much on the big hospitals. Most cases, the child's illness is often a cold, flu, diarrhea and other diseases, their treatment of the same treatment in general hospitals, so close to more timely treatment. However, some parents rely too much on the big hospitals. According to statistics, Beijing Children's Hospital to treat children, upper respiratory tract infection, 60% ~ 70%, and other common diseases accounted for 10% ~ 20%. Parents may have forgotten, the hospital is a place where patients, hospitals, the larger the patient the more concentrated, the indoor environment will be seriously contaminated. The children look at a disease, generally stay in the hospital at least 23 hours, their resistance to poor sick children, in such an environment to stay for so long, it is easy through direct contact with respiratory or provoke other channels such as bacteria, unless these have added the old disease caused by a new disease. Therefore, children should first select the nearest ill treatment. In addition, children should see a doctor to take appropriate protective measures, such as wearing a mask to the child, as far as possible away from children with respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal diseases and to avoid direct contact with children. After returning home, parents and children should wash their hands thoroughly, before the parents take their children to wash their hands.
Secondly, while trying not to worry. After the doctor had drugs, the children have a condition of the improvement of the overall process, such as viral influenza, diarrhea and other diseases, as long as had been properly treated, most for about 1 week will be able to recover naturally. But some parents of a sick child to worry, panic, as long as the child does not bring down a fever, running on several hospitals with children, hopes to obtain the "effect of a needle" effect. But parents have missed the point: Wherever he went, the doctor should start from the understanding of his illness, re-examine virtually wasted a lot of time. Sick children, the need for medication on time, good rest, too much travel do more harm than good. Such as fever, it is the symptoms of many diseases, the root causes of the disease is not resolved, service antipyretics, over 3 to 4 hours after the body temperature can rise again. Antipyretics after serving drink plenty of water cooling in order to better play the role of the high and low temperature at the same time not entirely representative of the severity of the disease. If the child the spirit of good, there is no unusual crying, severe vomiting or ventilation, etc. do not have to busy to go to the hospital. However, after taking the children, parents observed that if the disease has nothing to do with the original situation or other adverse reactions occur, it must stop immediately, go to the hospital for treatment.
Third, tell a doctor conditions Diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the important information. Appropriate narrative condition to enable the child to be a timely and effective treatment, and reduce the referral. Doctors need to be aware of the situation in general are: time of onset, the main symptoms of the disease process of change, follow-up visits would also like to note the effects of medication; sometimes doctors have to understand what the past suffered from disease, had any vaccination, such as which drug allergy . Small children, and sometimes not very accurately, so the parents to go to the hospital should be done to consider these circumstances and to the doctors, when the doctor asked the question, can be answered quickly and accurately.
Fourth, the child's physical discomfort, there is a need to remind parents to pay attention to the problem. If the children say leg pain, stomach pain, frequent urination, etc., and 4 are unable to vote in the medical illness had children, you may wish to bring their children to child health clinics, perhaps because you had children, "the growth and development of disease." This disease is due to the growth and development of children in the process, caused by immature development of neuro-psychology, especially the autonomic dysfunction of the most obvious. The common characteristics of these diseases are: a recurring problem, the symptoms varied; the examinations no anomaly; own ease; with age, such diseases and more will be dead. If the child had confirmed "the growth and development of the disease," First of all, parents should fully understand the condition, the lifting of ideological concerns, as about 1 / 3 of normal children may be the occurrence of the above symptoms, it is not so much a disease, it is better to say that it is a physiological phenomenon. Second, to understand their children's learning and living conditions, difficult to lift them from their studies, families at odds, partners and other reasons not caused by anxiety, depression mood. When the "growth pain" and "idiopathic chest pain" attack should be to reduce the volume of activities to remind children to avoid fatigue; and "orthostatic dysregulation" of the child, should be to strengthen the physical training, such as running, swimming, cold, etc. and to ensure adequate sleep; suffering from "recurrent abdominal pain" children should eat more fruits, vegetables, beans and other easy to eat less food and gas cold, hot pepper and other irritating foods, and to develop regular bowel habits. The growth of disease more children can go to the hospital, asked the doctors to decide whether or not to eat some oral painkillers and sedatives.
First of all, do not rely too much on the big hospitals. Most cases, the child's illness is often a cold, flu, diarrhea and other diseases, their treatment of the same treatment in general hospitals, so close to more timely treatment. However, some parents rely too much on the big hospitals. According to statistics, Beijing Children's Hospital to treat children, upper respiratory tract infection, 60% ~ 70%, and other common diseases accounted for 10% ~ 20%. Parents may have forgotten, the hospital is a place where patients, hospitals, the larger the patient the more concentrated, the indoor environment will be seriously contaminated. The children look at a disease, generally stay in the hospital at least 23 hours, their resistance to poor sick children, in such an environment to stay for so long, it is easy through direct contact with respiratory or provoke other channels such as bacteria, unless these have added the old disease caused by a new disease. Therefore, children should first select the nearest ill treatment. In addition, children should see a doctor to take appropriate protective measures, such as wearing a mask to the child, as far as possible away from children with respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal diseases and to avoid direct contact with children. After returning home, parents and children should wash their hands thoroughly, before the parents take their children to wash their hands.
Secondly, while trying not to worry. After the doctor had drugs, the children have a condition of the improvement of the overall process, such as viral influenza, diarrhea and other diseases, as long as had been properly treated, most for about 1 week will be able to recover naturally. But some parents of a sick child to worry, panic, as long as the child does not bring down a fever, running on several hospitals with children, hopes to obtain the "effect of a needle" effect. But parents have missed the point: Wherever he went, the doctor should start from the understanding of his illness, re-examine virtually wasted a lot of time. Sick children, the need for medication on time, good rest, too much travel do more harm than good. Such as fever, it is the symptoms of many diseases, the root causes of the disease is not resolved, service antipyretics, over 3 to 4 hours after the body temperature can rise again. Antipyretics after serving drink plenty of water cooling in order to better play the role of the high and low temperature at the same time not entirely representative of the severity of the disease. If the child the spirit of good, there is no unusual crying, severe vomiting or ventilation, etc. do not have to busy to go to the hospital. However, after taking the children, parents observed that if the disease has nothing to do with the original situation or other adverse reactions occur, it must stop immediately, go to the hospital for treatment.
Third, tell a doctor conditions Diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the important information. Appropriate narrative condition to enable the child to be a timely and effective treatment, and reduce the referral. Doctors need to be aware of the situation in general are: time of onset, the main symptoms of the disease process of change, follow-up visits would also like to note the effects of medication; sometimes doctors have to understand what the past suffered from disease, had any vaccination, such as which drug allergy . Small children, and sometimes not very accurately, so the parents to go to the hospital should be done to consider these circumstances and to the doctors, when the doctor asked the question, can be answered quickly and accurately.
Fourth, the child's physical discomfort, there is a need to remind parents to pay attention to the problem. If the children say leg pain, stomach pain, frequent urination, etc., and 4 are unable to vote in the medical illness had children, you may wish to bring their children to child health clinics, perhaps because you had children, "the growth and development of disease." This disease is due to the growth and development of children in the process, caused by immature development of neuro-psychology, especially the autonomic dysfunction of the most obvious. The common characteristics of these diseases are: a recurring problem, the symptoms varied; the examinations no anomaly; own ease; with age, such diseases and more will be dead. If the child had confirmed "the growth and development of the disease," First of all, parents should fully understand the condition, the lifting of ideological concerns, as about 1 / 3 of normal children may be the occurrence of the above symptoms, it is not so much a disease, it is better to say that it is a physiological phenomenon. Second, to understand their children's learning and living conditions, difficult to lift them from their studies, families at odds, partners and other reasons not caused by anxiety, depression mood. When the "growth pain" and "idiopathic chest pain" attack should be to reduce the volume of activities to remind children to avoid fatigue; and "orthostatic dysregulation" of the child, should be to strengthen the physical training, such as running, swimming, cold, etc. and to ensure adequate sleep; suffering from "recurrent abdominal pain" children should eat more fruits, vegetables, beans and other easy to eat less food and gas cold, hot pepper and other irritating foods, and to develop regular bowel habits. The growth of disease more children can go to the hospital, asked the doctors to decide whether or not to eat some oral painkillers and sedatives.
Error of four cases of child diarrhea
Diarrhea is common in children of the summer and autumn. It is precisely because of common, there are many parents experience with the old, take it for granted to deal with, the result is just the opposite.
Diarrhea is common in children of the summer and autumn. It is precisely because of common, there are many parents experience with the old, take it for granted to deal with, the result is just the opposite. Do not believe? Looked at a number of cases following it.
Comments: civil advocate the use of fasting on acute diarrhea 8 to 12 hours or even 24-hour hunger therapy is actually wrong. Studies have shown that even when acute diarrhea, children with gastrointestinal tract function of digestion and absorption can not completely disappeared, the absorption of nutrients can reach the normal 60% ~ 90%. Hunger is not only a longer period of time is not conducive to the maintenance of nutrition in children, but also to further deterioration of nutritional status and the impact of intestinal repair, update, reducing the absorptive capacity of the small intestine, so that decreased immunity, repeated infections, the final cause "diarrhea - malnutrition - easily lead to diarrhea, "a vicious cycle. Thus, children with acute diarrhea should continue feeding. Breast-feeding infants and children are free of water, artificial feeding infants can be fed diluted milk (1 milk, add water, 2) 2 ~ 3 days, then gradually increased to the whole milk, more than six months in children with the use of rice soup, Black rice or noodles, and for some fresh fruit or fruit juice to supplement potassium, plus some cooked vegetable oils, vegetables, meat or fish at the end, but by less need to have more gradual transition to normal eating habits.
Comments: Acute diarrhea is a major risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance acidosis. According to statistics, in children with dehydration caused by diarrhea is more than 90% of mild and moderate dehydration, only 10% of severe dehydration, and intravenous infusion is only applicable to moderate to severe dehydration. Other symptoms of over-transfusion in children will not only increase the pain and financial burden on parents, sometimes caused by infusion reaction occurred in a deterioration in their conditions.
Is generally believed that concurrent with acute diarrhea in children with mild to moderate dehydration, treatment of choice for high-performance and low-cost oral rehydration salts (abbreviated ORS) oral rehydration therapy. Every time the children diarrhea, ORS serving about 50 to 100 ml, play a role in prevention and treatment of dehydration. Lack of standards in the case of ORS, use soup can also be replaced by salt solution. Specific formula is: rice soup sugar 500 ml + 1 + 0 grams of salt 1.75 grams (a half bottle of beer) + 500 ml water, boil 2 to 3 minutes per kg body weight 20 ~ 40 ml, 4 hours after oral administration, at any time after oral administration, the number to the number of drink.
Comments: survey shows that in recent years, anti-bacterial diarrhea drug abuse treatment in the more common phenomenon. And abuse of antibiotics can cause drug-resistant strains of bacteria growing at the same time can also be secondary to an imbalance of intestinal flora, fungal enteritis, and so on persistent diarrhea, or increase, in fact, 70% of acute watery diarrhea for the virus or bacterial toxin production, you can not have anti-inflammatory drugs (ie antibiotics), as long as the well fluid therapy, choice of microecological modulator (such as music or BIFICO Livzon intestinal, etc.), and mucosal protective agent (such as smecta, etc.) that is incurable: only about 30% of children with diarrhea by the invasion of bacteria such as Shigella, invasive colorectal liver bacteria, Salmonella] caused by Klebsiella, sensitive to use anti-bacterial drugs such as medication for 48 hours after the progression-free turn for the better, may consider the replacement of an antibacterial drug.
Comments: The water in the free sugar, salt can not play a role in prevention and treatment of dehydration. The correct method of preparation of sugar salt 2 Comments cases see.
Diarrhea is common in children of the summer and autumn. It is precisely because of common, there are many parents experience with the old, take it for granted to deal with, the result is just the opposite. Do not believe? Looked at a number of cases following it.
Comments: civil advocate the use of fasting on acute diarrhea 8 to 12 hours or even 24-hour hunger therapy is actually wrong. Studies have shown that even when acute diarrhea, children with gastrointestinal tract function of digestion and absorption can not completely disappeared, the absorption of nutrients can reach the normal 60% ~ 90%. Hunger is not only a longer period of time is not conducive to the maintenance of nutrition in children, but also to further deterioration of nutritional status and the impact of intestinal repair, update, reducing the absorptive capacity of the small intestine, so that decreased immunity, repeated infections, the final cause "diarrhea - malnutrition - easily lead to diarrhea, "a vicious cycle. Thus, children with acute diarrhea should continue feeding. Breast-feeding infants and children are free of water, artificial feeding infants can be fed diluted milk (1 milk, add water, 2) 2 ~ 3 days, then gradually increased to the whole milk, more than six months in children with the use of rice soup, Black rice or noodles, and for some fresh fruit or fruit juice to supplement potassium, plus some cooked vegetable oils, vegetables, meat or fish at the end, but by less need to have more gradual transition to normal eating habits.
Comments: Acute diarrhea is a major risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance acidosis. According to statistics, in children with dehydration caused by diarrhea is more than 90% of mild and moderate dehydration, only 10% of severe dehydration, and intravenous infusion is only applicable to moderate to severe dehydration. Other symptoms of over-transfusion in children will not only increase the pain and financial burden on parents, sometimes caused by infusion reaction occurred in a deterioration in their conditions.
Is generally believed that concurrent with acute diarrhea in children with mild to moderate dehydration, treatment of choice for high-performance and low-cost oral rehydration salts (abbreviated ORS) oral rehydration therapy. Every time the children diarrhea, ORS serving about 50 to 100 ml, play a role in prevention and treatment of dehydration. Lack of standards in the case of ORS, use soup can also be replaced by salt solution. Specific formula is: rice soup sugar 500 ml + 1 + 0 grams of salt 1.75 grams (a half bottle of beer) + 500 ml water, boil 2 to 3 minutes per kg body weight 20 ~ 40 ml, 4 hours after oral administration, at any time after oral administration, the number to the number of drink.
Comments: survey shows that in recent years, anti-bacterial diarrhea drug abuse treatment in the more common phenomenon. And abuse of antibiotics can cause drug-resistant strains of bacteria growing at the same time can also be secondary to an imbalance of intestinal flora, fungal enteritis, and so on persistent diarrhea, or increase, in fact, 70% of acute watery diarrhea for the virus or bacterial toxin production, you can not have anti-inflammatory drugs (ie antibiotics), as long as the well fluid therapy, choice of microecological modulator (such as music or BIFICO Livzon intestinal, etc.), and mucosal protective agent (such as smecta, etc.) that is incurable: only about 30% of children with diarrhea by the invasion of bacteria such as Shigella, invasive colorectal liver bacteria, Salmonella] caused by Klebsiella, sensitive to use anti-bacterial drugs such as medication for 48 hours after the progression-free turn for the better, may consider the replacement of an antibacterial drug.
Comments: The water in the free sugar, salt can not play a role in prevention and treatment of dehydration. The correct method of preparation of sugar salt 2 Comments cases see.
Winter, the most common baby skin problems
The question: chap
As the baby's skin with more moisture, wind stimulus encountered, if not properly protected, the skin loss is easy, does not look shiny, drying, wrinkling, scaling, and even slight pain. This is often said the chap. The most vulnerable parts of the chap is a little baby face and the small back of the hand.
The prevention of the main points:
Chap is due to water loss caused by the skin, almost on a daily basis is the key. So her mother to the baby and the little hand finished after little face must be wiped away as soon as possible, must be dried prior to avoid blowing cold wind straight. At the same time, we must choose the design for the baby of the Johnson & Johnson baby cream special-run multi-effect.
Second problem: chilblain
Chilblain mainly due to the skin and excessive exposure to cold and high humidity circumstances. As the baby's delicate skin than adults in many, so the incidence of baby's chilblain much higher than adults.
Chilblain there is generally part of the baby's nose, fingers, toes, heel, lateral margin of foot, antihelix, ears and other parts for the limitations of the performance of dark purple-red edematous plaques or nodules, will feel the itching, burning or pain.
The prevention of the main points:
Cause frostbite as a result of the main reasons is the cold and wet, so go out to play when the winter must take note of warmth and moisture.
Three: chapped lips
Winter, small babies are particularly vulnerable to dry lips, and even peeling. Compared with other skin, lips do not secrete sweat and grease, so very fond of baby touch lips with his tongue. But it can not wet your lips, it will speed up the lip of the water evaporation, so that more dry lips, resulting in more licking the more dry, the more the more dry licking a vicious circle.
As the baby's skin with more moisture, wind stimulus encountered, if not properly protected, the skin loss is easy, does not look shiny, drying, wrinkling, scaling, and even slight pain. This is often said the chap. The most vulnerable parts of the chap is a little baby face and the small back of the hand.
The prevention of the main points:
Chap is due to water loss caused by the skin, almost on a daily basis is the key. So her mother to the baby and the little hand finished after little face must be wiped away as soon as possible, must be dried prior to avoid blowing cold wind straight. At the same time, we must choose the design for the baby of the Johnson & Johnson baby cream special-run multi-effect.
Second problem: chilblain
Chilblain mainly due to the skin and excessive exposure to cold and high humidity circumstances. As the baby's delicate skin than adults in many, so the incidence of baby's chilblain much higher than adults.
Chilblain there is generally part of the baby's nose, fingers, toes, heel, lateral margin of foot, antihelix, ears and other parts for the limitations of the performance of dark purple-red edematous plaques or nodules, will feel the itching, burning or pain.
The prevention of the main points:
Cause frostbite as a result of the main reasons is the cold and wet, so go out to play when the winter must take note of warmth and moisture.
Three: chapped lips
Winter, small babies are particularly vulnerable to dry lips, and even peeling. Compared with other skin, lips do not secrete sweat and grease, so very fond of baby touch lips with his tongue. But it can not wet your lips, it will speed up the lip of the water evaporation, so that more dry lips, resulting in more licking the more dry, the more the more dry licking a vicious circle.
Acute infectious laryngitis how to prevent and care
Incidence of acute laryngitis in children with acute, severe and easy to
endanger life, we must do a good job of prevention and care.
Acute laryngitis and more secondary to upper respiratory tract infection
to reduce the opportunity for a cold, perhaps we can avoid the occurrence
of laryngitis.
1, usually to enhance outdoor activities, mostly sunny, and enhance
physical fitness, improve disease resistance.
2, attention to climate change, change clothes in time to avoid a sense of
winter heating.
3, in the influenza epidemic during the bail to minimize, to prevent
infection.
4, should be the law of life, eating festival, there are regular daily
life, lying to get up early evening to avoid the cold. During sleep to
avoid the wind blowing convection.
5, to maintain oral health, to develop a morning, brush their teeth after
meals and bedtime habits mouthwash.
6, appropriate to eat more pears, raw carrots, plum and other fruits,
nuts, in order to enhance the maintenance of the role of the throat.
Laryngitis in children, due to acute severe illness in the active
treatment at the same time, must take care.
1, so that children with attention to rest, as far as possible to reduce
the activities in order to reduce the consumption of oxygen.
2, the indoor air should be fresh, the temperature should be 18 ℃ ~ 20 ℃
, humidity should be maintained at 60% ~ 70%.
3, into the liquid or semi-liquid digestible food, for children with more
water, if necessary, transfusion.
4, health care workers should be familiar with sub-degree of difficulty in
breathing and the indications for tracheotomy and is ready to rescue all
the items.
5, close observation of changes in condition to explain the families of
children with asphyxia may occur at any time, much remains to be mentally
prepared for tracheotomy; such as three degrees of children with
respiratory difficulties, doctors prepared to promptly notify the
tracheotomy.
endanger life, we must do a good job of prevention and care.
Acute laryngitis and more secondary to upper respiratory tract infection
to reduce the opportunity for a cold, perhaps we can avoid the occurrence
of laryngitis.
1, usually to enhance outdoor activities, mostly sunny, and enhance
physical fitness, improve disease resistance.
2, attention to climate change, change clothes in time to avoid a sense of
winter heating.
3, in the influenza epidemic during the bail to minimize, to prevent
infection.
4, should be the law of life, eating festival, there are regular daily
life, lying to get up early evening to avoid the cold. During sleep to
avoid the wind blowing convection.
5, to maintain oral health, to develop a morning, brush their teeth after
meals and bedtime habits mouthwash.
6, appropriate to eat more pears, raw carrots, plum and other fruits,
nuts, in order to enhance the maintenance of the role of the throat.
Laryngitis in children, due to acute severe illness in the active
treatment at the same time, must take care.
1, so that children with attention to rest, as far as possible to reduce
the activities in order to reduce the consumption of oxygen.
2, the indoor air should be fresh, the temperature should be 18 ℃ ~ 20 ℃
, humidity should be maintained at 60% ~ 70%.
3, into the liquid or semi-liquid digestible food, for children with more
water, if necessary, transfusion.
4, health care workers should be familiar with sub-degree of difficulty in
breathing and the indications for tracheotomy and is ready to rescue all
the items.
5, close observation of changes in condition to explain the families of
children with asphyxia may occur at any time, much remains to be mentally
prepared for tracheotomy; such as three degrees of children with
respiratory difficulties, doctors prepared to promptly notify the
tracheotomy.
Thursday, July 30, 2009
Children the most common allergy symptoms and prevention of
Allergic children will not only significantly affect the quality of life and family, and allergies are frequent episodes of chronic diseases. Annually in the United States, only for the treatment of infantile eczema as high as the cost of 364 million U.S. dollars, the cost of the treatment of asthma is much higher than this figure.
Over the past 20 years, children in Western industrialized countries the incidence of allergic diseases the rate of a sharp increase, each of 3-4 there is a child suffering from allergies. At present, developing countries are also the same trend emerged. Allergy has been the World Health Organization as the twenty-first century epidemic.
Children the most common allergy symptoms are:
1, atopic dermatitis: infantile eczema usually;
2, food allergy: after contact with certain foods adverse reaction (vomiting, diarrhea, gripes, etc.);
3, allergic asthma;
4, allergic rhinitis.
Allergic children will not only significantly affect the quality of life and family, and allergies are frequent episodes of chronic diseases. Annually in the United States, only for the treatment of infantile eczema as high as the cost of 364 million U.S. dollars, the cost of the treatment of asthma is much higher than this figure.
Allergy is due to dysfunction of the immune system caused by, many parents often do not mind the early baby allergies such as eczema and food allergy, in fact, these early symptoms of allergy symptoms the next series of precursors, have been suffering from eczema and food allergy baby the future there may be other allergic diseases such as asthma. Therefore, early prevention of allergic baby, baby on the future of allergy prevention is very important.
Now generally agreed that: the immune system of "training" started from birth, and strongly influenced by diet. Studies have shown: exclusive breastfeeding of infants, allergies (eczema) relatively small, and the general feeding baby infant formula, allergy (eczema) is a higher incidence of this is because the molecules contained in infant formula milk in form protein, some babies can not tolerate this kind of protein, hence the allergies (eczema or food allergy), the future of these babies have other allergic diseases is very high risk.
In order to reduce allergy risk, the international authority of the Organization recommendations: infants should be used HA (Hypoallergenic abbreviation), infant milk formulas. That is, a moderate hydrolysis of protein in infant formula, through the specialized process of protein hydrolysis, and sensitization of the general high-milk into a low-allergenic protein of small molecules specifically good HA protein, thereby reducing the risk of allergic baby.
A large number of clinical studies have shown: through the use of formula HA can reduce the baby's allergy risk of 50%. Therefore, the first six months of birth, in a variety of reasons can not be breast-feeding or breast-feeding is low, as soon as possible the use of HA Hypoallergenic infant formula (hydrolyzed protein formula that is appropriate), is an effective measure for prevention of allergy.
Over the past 20 years, children in Western industrialized countries the incidence of allergic diseases the rate of a sharp increase, each of 3-4 there is a child suffering from allergies. At present, developing countries are also the same trend emerged. Allergy has been the World Health Organization as the twenty-first century epidemic.
Children the most common allergy symptoms are:
1, atopic dermatitis: infantile eczema usually;
2, food allergy: after contact with certain foods adverse reaction (vomiting, diarrhea, gripes, etc.);
3, allergic asthma;
4, allergic rhinitis.
Allergic children will not only significantly affect the quality of life and family, and allergies are frequent episodes of chronic diseases. Annually in the United States, only for the treatment of infantile eczema as high as the cost of 364 million U.S. dollars, the cost of the treatment of asthma is much higher than this figure.
Allergy is due to dysfunction of the immune system caused by, many parents often do not mind the early baby allergies such as eczema and food allergy, in fact, these early symptoms of allergy symptoms the next series of precursors, have been suffering from eczema and food allergy baby the future there may be other allergic diseases such as asthma. Therefore, early prevention of allergic baby, baby on the future of allergy prevention is very important.
Now generally agreed that: the immune system of "training" started from birth, and strongly influenced by diet. Studies have shown: exclusive breastfeeding of infants, allergies (eczema) relatively small, and the general feeding baby infant formula, allergy (eczema) is a higher incidence of this is because the molecules contained in infant formula milk in form protein, some babies can not tolerate this kind of protein, hence the allergies (eczema or food allergy), the future of these babies have other allergic diseases is very high risk.
In order to reduce allergy risk, the international authority of the Organization recommendations: infants should be used HA (Hypoallergenic abbreviation), infant milk formulas. That is, a moderate hydrolysis of protein in infant formula, through the specialized process of protein hydrolysis, and sensitization of the general high-milk into a low-allergenic protein of small molecules specifically good HA protein, thereby reducing the risk of allergic baby.
A large number of clinical studies have shown: through the use of formula HA can reduce the baby's allergy risk of 50%. Therefore, the first six months of birth, in a variety of reasons can not be breast-feeding or breast-feeding is low, as soon as possible the use of HA Hypoallergenic infant formula (hydrolyzed protein formula that is appropriate), is an effective measure for prevention of allergy.
Obesity: common diseases in infants
Now, more and more overweight children, during the summer vacation, hospital out-patient number of overweight children increase. Most parents see their children in the fat when the fat can not only turn to their doctor.
(Children's Hospital Endocrinology physicians: a summer vacation, a winter vacation, we found that outpatient amount to see out-patient endocrine increased child obesity, we look at obesity clinics, and some one-year-old children will be able to see more than a two-year-old special fat, weight reached the 40 kilograms, the mother holds up a special effort.)
According to a survey, the rate of childhood obesity, overweight rates were 12.1% and 11.9%. In some cases, even though children do not look too fat, but body weight is more than 20% of standard body weight, it is necessary to draw your attention. Starting body weight over the child only if it has fat, it will lead to many diseases. Childhood obesity in our country occur within the 1-year-old and after 4-year-old. Simple childhood obesity and hypertension to identify risk factors and intervention, is considered an adult with a view to primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, the main part.
(Children's Hospital Endocrinology physicians: the impact of obesity on children's great, just as adults have a lot of obesity are generally starts with the children, it can lead to children, the easier to develop into diabetes, coronary heart disease fatty liver have high blood pressure, There gout arthritis. obesity affect the joints of the bones, as well as children can cause early sexual development, some children lag behind boys as sexual development, can be caused by or against the big.)
In addition, overweight children in the mental health, the problems more than normal weight children. Removal of genetic factors, the majority of obese children are simple obesity. Simple obesity refers solely by over-nutrition and poor lifestyle factors caused by the excessive accumulation of fat. Many parents look forward to continue the child all of a sudden thin, small body fat is not the meat on one or two days long, when they enjoy the modern life in all sorts of delicious and convenient, the fat has quietly been camped in their possession.
(Children's Hospital Endocrinology physicians: food children eat sweets, greasy things more, plus also drink less soft drinks, habits such as car ownership is the family car can have, with the number of child activities of motor vehicles less, the parents are driving their own cars or playing with this as well.)
Some experts say "diet" very not suitable for children 0-18 years of age because children grow in a very critical period of development, children can not use weight loss drugs to lose weight, fat-free surgery, fasting or starvation therapy. During this period the main task is to "weight control." Seize 0-1 years of age; 4,5 years of age; puberty a critical period of these three, you can greatly reduce the incidence of child obesity. How to control children's weight it?
(Children's Hospital Endocrinology physicians: one is the hot card, the better to eat do not think there is some kids love to eat meat, eat less fried stuff as far as possible, cutting should be to let children drink a certain degree of movement. small children skip along to play it every day can be larger so that he can be skipping children, and children can play it, and then the larger the child can swim can play badminton.)
One thing is to remind the parents pay attention to: that parents should be active and healthy life. Children on the parents as an example, if Mom and Dad do all day at home, how can a child like sports? At the same time pay attention to adverse changes in eating habits, a balanced diet for adults and children alike. So to some extent, to help children control their weight, but also the test of perseverance for adults. Tip sheet: a method to prevent childhood obesity
Adverse changes in the way of life
Promote a balanced diet, and enhance physical activity, stay away from obesity.
0-1 year-old baby in the weight formula: (birth weight + months) X 0.6;
Children over the age of 2 standard weight formula: age X 2 + 8
Treatment:
1. Food adjustment
Restrictions based on the heat in protein, fat, carbohydrate ratio appropriate, inorganic salts, vitamins supply the full
2. Exercise Prescription:
Need to take into account the effectiveness of campaigns, feasibility and interesting
Special Reminder:
Parents to adopt an active, healthy lifestyle.
Children can not use weight loss drugs to lose weight, fat-free surgery, fasting or starvation therapy.
(Children's Hospital Endocrinology physicians: a summer vacation, a winter vacation, we found that outpatient amount to see out-patient endocrine increased child obesity, we look at obesity clinics, and some one-year-old children will be able to see more than a two-year-old special fat, weight reached the 40 kilograms, the mother holds up a special effort.)
According to a survey, the rate of childhood obesity, overweight rates were 12.1% and 11.9%. In some cases, even though children do not look too fat, but body weight is more than 20% of standard body weight, it is necessary to draw your attention. Starting body weight over the child only if it has fat, it will lead to many diseases. Childhood obesity in our country occur within the 1-year-old and after 4-year-old. Simple childhood obesity and hypertension to identify risk factors and intervention, is considered an adult with a view to primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, the main part.
(Children's Hospital Endocrinology physicians: the impact of obesity on children's great, just as adults have a lot of obesity are generally starts with the children, it can lead to children, the easier to develop into diabetes, coronary heart disease fatty liver have high blood pressure, There gout arthritis. obesity affect the joints of the bones, as well as children can cause early sexual development, some children lag behind boys as sexual development, can be caused by or against the big.)
In addition, overweight children in the mental health, the problems more than normal weight children. Removal of genetic factors, the majority of obese children are simple obesity. Simple obesity refers solely by over-nutrition and poor lifestyle factors caused by the excessive accumulation of fat. Many parents look forward to continue the child all of a sudden thin, small body fat is not the meat on one or two days long, when they enjoy the modern life in all sorts of delicious and convenient, the fat has quietly been camped in their possession.
(Children's Hospital Endocrinology physicians: food children eat sweets, greasy things more, plus also drink less soft drinks, habits such as car ownership is the family car can have, with the number of child activities of motor vehicles less, the parents are driving their own cars or playing with this as well.)
Some experts say "diet" very not suitable for children 0-18 years of age because children grow in a very critical period of development, children can not use weight loss drugs to lose weight, fat-free surgery, fasting or starvation therapy. During this period the main task is to "weight control." Seize 0-1 years of age; 4,5 years of age; puberty a critical period of these three, you can greatly reduce the incidence of child obesity. How to control children's weight it?
(Children's Hospital Endocrinology physicians: one is the hot card, the better to eat do not think there is some kids love to eat meat, eat less fried stuff as far as possible, cutting should be to let children drink a certain degree of movement. small children skip along to play it every day can be larger so that he can be skipping children, and children can play it, and then the larger the child can swim can play badminton.)
One thing is to remind the parents pay attention to: that parents should be active and healthy life. Children on the parents as an example, if Mom and Dad do all day at home, how can a child like sports? At the same time pay attention to adverse changes in eating habits, a balanced diet for adults and children alike. So to some extent, to help children control their weight, but also the test of perseverance for adults. Tip sheet: a method to prevent childhood obesity
Adverse changes in the way of life
Promote a balanced diet, and enhance physical activity, stay away from obesity.
0-1 year-old baby in the weight formula: (birth weight + months) X 0.6;
Children over the age of 2 standard weight formula: age X 2 + 8
Treatment:
1. Food adjustment
Restrictions based on the heat in protein, fat, carbohydrate ratio appropriate, inorganic salts, vitamins supply the full
2. Exercise Prescription:
Need to take into account the effectiveness of campaigns, feasibility and interesting
Special Reminder:
Parents to adopt an active, healthy lifestyle.
Children can not use weight loss drugs to lose weight, fat-free surgery, fasting or starvation therapy.
How to prevent zinc deficiency disease in children?
Zinc is a trace element, in terms of children, zinc indirectly regulate metabolism through its role, especially for protein synthesis, growth factor production and secretion, such as links to play the impact of its growth.
Zinc deficiency, therefore, the growth of these sectors need to have been clogged. Mucosa and skin is metabolized quickly to update the organization, can occur when zinc deficiency dermatitis, skin lesions, and not easily healed, and the impact of the mucous membrane of the taste for slow performance, the impact of appetite and even anorexia, and abnormal digestion and absorption, which will increase the growth retardation.
Children and adults compared to zinc deficiency relatively easy, fast growth is one of the reasons why children often being choosy food, the habits of a particular kind of food, but for a balanced diet, especially protein intake in terms of a reasonable child, is generally not missing zinc.
Because zinc exists in the protein-containing foods such as meat, dairy, eggs and beans in. Growth retardation has multiple causes, diagnosis means is complex and requires detailed examination of the doctor's diagnosis can be given specific treatment.
If zinc deficiency is not the child, parents are blindly given to the various types of oral zinc products, not only encourage but can not be harmful, too much zinc on liver damage caused by severe cases of hepatitis have jaundice, so zinc should be careful.
Prevention of zinc deficiency disease in children, breast-feeding baby is the best, because human milk is rich in zinc, and easily absorbed from animal foods high zinc content, easy to absorb; therefore appropriate to add rich in infants and young children a variety of trace elements animal liver, egg yolk, meat, fish, mud and other dietary supplements are very necessary in terms of children, adhering to dietary diversification, reasonable arrangements for recipes, to develop good eating habits, not a particular kind of food, not being choosy food, can be prevented by zinc deficiency disease.
Zinc deficiency, therefore, the growth of these sectors need to have been clogged. Mucosa and skin is metabolized quickly to update the organization, can occur when zinc deficiency dermatitis, skin lesions, and not easily healed, and the impact of the mucous membrane of the taste for slow performance, the impact of appetite and even anorexia, and abnormal digestion and absorption, which will increase the growth retardation.
Children and adults compared to zinc deficiency relatively easy, fast growth is one of the reasons why children often being choosy food, the habits of a particular kind of food, but for a balanced diet, especially protein intake in terms of a reasonable child, is generally not missing zinc.
Because zinc exists in the protein-containing foods such as meat, dairy, eggs and beans in. Growth retardation has multiple causes, diagnosis means is complex and requires detailed examination of the doctor's diagnosis can be given specific treatment.
If zinc deficiency is not the child, parents are blindly given to the various types of oral zinc products, not only encourage but can not be harmful, too much zinc on liver damage caused by severe cases of hepatitis have jaundice, so zinc should be careful.
Prevention of zinc deficiency disease in children, breast-feeding baby is the best, because human milk is rich in zinc, and easily absorbed from animal foods high zinc content, easy to absorb; therefore appropriate to add rich in infants and young children a variety of trace elements animal liver, egg yolk, meat, fish, mud and other dietary supplements are very necessary in terms of children, adhering to dietary diversification, reasonable arrangements for recipes, to develop good eating habits, not a particular kind of food, not being choosy food, can be prevented by zinc deficiency disease.
How to help children with ADHD
ADHD is a concentrated attention difficulties, hyperactivity and impulsive behavior as the main symptoms of mental illness syndrome. Age at onset of the disease more than 2 to 18 years old, more boys than girls.
With the performance of ADHD children with age, the environment and in people's attitudes around varies, generally expressed as:
1, the activities of over-the majority of patients with ADHD from childhood hyperactivity was excited, can not sit-ins. To enter the school, due to various restrictions, ADHD symptoms were more obvious, can not be quiet in the classroom lectures, they turned a rocking chair, walking around in his seat, shouting, or speech, teasing others, the impact of classroom discipline. Run around after school, like over things, frequently interrupted the adults talk and interference with the activities of adults, do not cherish books and toys.
2, the attention focused on the difficulties children with ADHD it is difficult to focus on certain things, especially in the classroom can not concentrate on listening, paying attention to lax, susceptible to environmental interference and distraction, look around in the classroom, staring absent-minded or a trance . Assignments for teachers not remember, when the careless homework, doing fun, free alterations, drag-and-drop operation, it is difficult to be completed on time.
3, headstrong impulsive, emotionally unstable as a result of poor self-control, because children are often a little too small on the emotional response generated easily angered or emotional impulse, bad temper, therefore, often stimulated by a small risk of action and destruction, often quarrel or fight with fellow students, or for no reason in the classroom, such as call and ask.
Performance of the above children, parents should note that the opinion of experts to diagnose and treatment. Have children with ADHD, parents can take a number of ways to help children:
Drug treatment only when a more serious impact on ADHD children's learning, interfere with the order of the family and the school only when the need for drug treatment. Medication must be prescribed. Commonly used drugs amphetamine, methylphenidate and pemoline.
2 by changing the environment for the treatment of parents, teachers and the community to improve the patient's attitude towards the environment, to achieve therapeutic effect. This includes the following:
(1) the nature of specific diseases, the right to be treated. Parents should be aware that ADHD is a disease, should seek to understand the causes of, and actively seek treatment, rather than gross, discrimination, indifference, abuse, punishment and other measures, this disease will not only increase and will increase the children's low self-esteem, anxiety, withdrawal or psychological resistance.
(2) the gradual correction of behavior and hyperactivity. Should be to gradually reduce the child's behavior and hyperactivity, and not to set goals high, immediately ask them to become good boy quiet. Excessive demands can only lead to tension between.
(3) to allow children to participate in a variety of sports, social activities, so that they can have a chance to vent excess energy.
(4) to encourage the quiet child behavior, using verbal praise, encouraging the progressive training methods, such as to strengthen them develop to sit-ins, to focus the attention of the habit of learning and work.
(5) to cultivate children to form good habits. Should allow them to develop a time schedule from an early age, personal habits to ensure adequate sleep time, and the life of regular training as one of their choice to form the good habit of using, for example, do not eat, such as watching television. Do not give way to some interest in children, for example, so that they can not indefinitely long period of time such as watching television or movies.
(6) the elimination of the family led to the adverse attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or mental stress factors to stimulate and coordinate family relationships, to ease the family atmosphere, family factors to prevent the children feel uneasy, nervous anxiety and excitement.
(7) the rules simple and clear. Children of such elements required is to prevent injury to their own reckless acts or crimes against other people, therefore, the rules set out to achieve this goal line, not be appropriate to enact the rules too much.
(8) appropriate treatment. Parents can not discrimination, abuse or beat them, nor can the "disease" as an excuse for too much and made them even more self-willed and aggressive; it is necessary to be patient education, but also demanding. Parents and school teachers should take the initiative in maintaining regular contact, mutual feedback, and jointly promote the improvement of children.
3 psychological treatment of parents would like to invite experts on child psychotherapy and behavior therapy.
With the performance of ADHD children with age, the environment and in people's attitudes around varies, generally expressed as:
1, the activities of over-the majority of patients with ADHD from childhood hyperactivity was excited, can not sit-ins. To enter the school, due to various restrictions, ADHD symptoms were more obvious, can not be quiet in the classroom lectures, they turned a rocking chair, walking around in his seat, shouting, or speech, teasing others, the impact of classroom discipline. Run around after school, like over things, frequently interrupted the adults talk and interference with the activities of adults, do not cherish books and toys.
2, the attention focused on the difficulties children with ADHD it is difficult to focus on certain things, especially in the classroom can not concentrate on listening, paying attention to lax, susceptible to environmental interference and distraction, look around in the classroom, staring absent-minded or a trance . Assignments for teachers not remember, when the careless homework, doing fun, free alterations, drag-and-drop operation, it is difficult to be completed on time.
3, headstrong impulsive, emotionally unstable as a result of poor self-control, because children are often a little too small on the emotional response generated easily angered or emotional impulse, bad temper, therefore, often stimulated by a small risk of action and destruction, often quarrel or fight with fellow students, or for no reason in the classroom, such as call and ask.
Performance of the above children, parents should note that the opinion of experts to diagnose and treatment. Have children with ADHD, parents can take a number of ways to help children:
Drug treatment only when a more serious impact on ADHD children's learning, interfere with the order of the family and the school only when the need for drug treatment. Medication must be prescribed. Commonly used drugs amphetamine, methylphenidate and pemoline.
2 by changing the environment for the treatment of parents, teachers and the community to improve the patient's attitude towards the environment, to achieve therapeutic effect. This includes the following:
(1) the nature of specific diseases, the right to be treated. Parents should be aware that ADHD is a disease, should seek to understand the causes of, and actively seek treatment, rather than gross, discrimination, indifference, abuse, punishment and other measures, this disease will not only increase and will increase the children's low self-esteem, anxiety, withdrawal or psychological resistance.
(2) the gradual correction of behavior and hyperactivity. Should be to gradually reduce the child's behavior and hyperactivity, and not to set goals high, immediately ask them to become good boy quiet. Excessive demands can only lead to tension between.
(3) to allow children to participate in a variety of sports, social activities, so that they can have a chance to vent excess energy.
(4) to encourage the quiet child behavior, using verbal praise, encouraging the progressive training methods, such as to strengthen them develop to sit-ins, to focus the attention of the habit of learning and work.
(5) to cultivate children to form good habits. Should allow them to develop a time schedule from an early age, personal habits to ensure adequate sleep time, and the life of regular training as one of their choice to form the good habit of using, for example, do not eat, such as watching television. Do not give way to some interest in children, for example, so that they can not indefinitely long period of time such as watching television or movies.
(6) the elimination of the family led to the adverse attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or mental stress factors to stimulate and coordinate family relationships, to ease the family atmosphere, family factors to prevent the children feel uneasy, nervous anxiety and excitement.
(7) the rules simple and clear. Children of such elements required is to prevent injury to their own reckless acts or crimes against other people, therefore, the rules set out to achieve this goal line, not be appropriate to enact the rules too much.
(8) appropriate treatment. Parents can not discrimination, abuse or beat them, nor can the "disease" as an excuse for too much and made them even more self-willed and aggressive; it is necessary to be patient education, but also demanding. Parents and school teachers should take the initiative in maintaining regular contact, mutual feedback, and jointly promote the improvement of children.
3 psychological treatment of parents would like to invite experts on child psychotherapy and behavior therapy.
Anemia in children can affect their growth and development
Anemia in children 1-year-old group was particularly prevalent in infants and young children in this period of development of digestive organs is still not perfect, the monotonous diet, malnutrition, infant and child therefore view the high incidence of anemia. In China about 30% of infants and young children to varying degrees of anemia, higher in rural areas, up to 50%.
Anemia at the time of the adverse effects in children, in addition to causing children face, gums, oral mucosal pallor, anorexia, diarrhea, crying, and vulnerable to invasion of pathogenic microorganisms outside infection; survey data show that children with weight and height measurements on the average by 1 to 2 standard deviation increase in the number of significant, particularly in infants and young children more significant influence.
Infants and young children in the fastest period of growth, in the event of anemia, the body of poor oxygen supply, gastrointestinal mucosal cells and to campaign to diminish the impact of the digestion and absorption of nutrients, the body will increase malnutrition. In addition, when the infant brain anemia insufficient supply of oxygen, will have its impact on nerve - endocrine function. Thus, malnutrition and neuroendocrine dysfunction increased in children will be normal weight and height has an adverse impact on development.
Prevention and treatment of anemia in children 1 year of age group focus on infants and young children. Major initiatives include: The first 4 months after the start of egg-type materials to supplement the blood shortage of iron, after the monthly add meat, fish, vegetables and fruits rich in protein, fat, sugar, a variety of vitamins and minerals in food . 6 to 7 months should be more modest increase in the amount of congee, noodles, food products, to gradually transition to rice, flour-eating diet food, to prevent sudden change of diet and gastrointestinal function have not meet. If infants and young children have anemia, those who need special treatment of mild, reasonable diet, diversity and balance, most of them can be normal conditioning. More than moderate iron supplement may be appropriate, such as blood Lu, ferrous sulfate, vitamin C, folic acid and vitamin B12 orally or by injection. Severe anemia may be a small number of repeated blood transfusions to correct anemia as soon as possible, and promote normal growth and development of children.
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